# F & G — Inca Glossary

> From the Inca Glossary by Patt O'Neill (© 2007, 2008, 2014).
> Web page: https://incaglossary.com/fg
> 44 terms. Each term heading links to that term's own Markdown file.

## [falsa cabeza](https://incaglossary.com/fg/falsacabeza.md)

Languages: Span

Literally, *false
head*.
 Such heads, some covered with wigs, were known to be attached to
mummy bundles that encased members of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
elite -- large cocoons that held up to seven individuals and weighed as
much as 400 pounds (180 kilograms). Some of the bundles bound adults
and children—perhaps entire families—together, wrapped in layers of raw
cotton and exquisite textiles. [NGEO1]
(*See*,
 [mallquis](https://incaglossary.com/m/mallqui.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/falsacabeza.jpg

## [fanged deities](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fangeddeities.md)

(n) The motif of fanged gods of both genders is very common throughout
Central and South America.  The ancient Andean and western coastal
cultures imagined these gods in many forms. (*See*,
 [Aia Paec](https://incaglossary.com/a/aiapaec.md), image
at
[staff deities](https://incaglossary.com/s/staffdeities.md).)
All of the powers of these gods were nature-based. The motif of fangs
was often seen in concert with staffs, such as the image to the right
from the pre-Incan Chavin culture of a female deity. [MAN]
No doubt these images were inspired by the [jaguar](https://incaglossary.com/j/jaguar.md),
which is a universal source of mythology in South and Central America.

## [fasting](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fasting.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
In [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) terms,
fasting did not mean going without food altogether but merely without
meat and seasonings. (*See*, [penance](https://incaglossary.com/p/penance.md).)

## [fate](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fate.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
One's inner nature. [WOFW]

## [Father Diego](https://incaglossary.com/fg/diego.md)

Diego
González Holguín. *See*, [Appendix M](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#diego).

## [femanta willana](https://incaglossary.com/fg/femanta-willana.md)

(n) Article of faith (sp). [PSL]

## [fertility festival](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fertilityfestival.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
As described in the old chronicles there was, as one example, the
festival of fertility carried out every year when the herds of [llamas](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llama.md) were
brought together for pairing. The act was preceded with magic
incantations, prayers and offerings of [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md) leaves and
maize to the gods; and after male and female llamas had been
ceremoniously brought together, a human sex orgy followed in a way
which scandalized the bigoted representatives of the Western
civilization. [DYE] *See*, also, [Atacaymita](https://incaglossary.com/a/atacaymita.md).

## [fifth level](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fifthlevel.md)

(n) A
level of consciousness characterized by the emergence of people of
remarkable healing ability. They must be able to heal every person of
every problem or illness, with just one single touch. And they must be
able to do it every time. The appearance of such healers will signal
the beginning phase of the [taripay pacha](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripaypacha.md). [IEBJ]

## [Fifth Sun](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fifthsun.md)

(n) This is the age of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md), and it
came to an end when the Spanish arrived. This age held the belief of
the Sixth Sun.
 [MAN]

## [first attention](https://incaglossary.com/fg/firstattention.md)

(n) (1) A term from [nagualismo](https://incaglossary.com/n/nagualismo.md)
meaning our consciousness and perception of only the [tonal](https://incaglossary.com/t/tonal.md) and its objects of attention in
space/time.[PGO]
The smallest division of our consciousness, the first attention, or the
consciousness that every normal person has developed in order to deal
with the daily world, encompasses the awareness of the physical body. [TEG]
(2) That which is known. [AVO]
(*See*,
 [second attention](https://incaglossary.com/s/secondattention.md), [third attention](https://incaglossary.com/t/thirdattention.md).)

## [first level of abstraction](https://incaglossary.com/fg/first-level-of-abstraction.md)

Languages: Eng

*See*, [level of abstraction](https://incaglossary.com/l/levelofabstraction.md).

## [First Sun](https://incaglossary.com/fg/firstsun.md)

(n) The [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) first, primitive age was
embryonic, a time of primordial, metaphorical darkness. The people
living at that time were called the [Wari Wiracocharuna](https://incaglossary.com/w/wariwiracocharuna.md).
It is unclear in the Spanish chronicles how the First Sun ended. (*See*,
 [Appendix M](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m).)[MAN]
(*See*,
 [pachacuti](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacuti.md).)

## [flor de quinde](https://incaglossary.com/fg/flor-de-quinde.md)

Languages: Span

Literally,
*flower of the hummingbird*. *See*, [borrachero](https://incaglossary.com/b/borrachero.md).

## [florecer](https://incaglossary.com/fg/florecer.md)

Languages: Span

(v) Literally, *to
bloom or to blossom*. San Pedro
produces beautiful aromatic white flowers that bloom at night,
approximately at midnight. The object of a nighttime curing session is
to make the [mesa](https://incaglossary.com/m/mesa.md), its
artifacts -- and by extension the [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md), his
assistants, his patients, and his friends -- bloom. [WOFW] *See*, *florecimiento*
 below.

## [florecimiento](https://incaglossary.com/fg/florecimiento.md)

,
floreciendo (Span): Literally, *blossoming,
thriving*. A ritual
consisting of rubbing the patient with an herb jar (*[seguro](https://incaglossary.com/s/seguro.md)*), having
him nasally imbibe some herbal liquid, and then spraying him with the
potion ([kamay](https://incaglossary.com/k/kamay.md)). [WPH] A step in
a [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md) healing
session that follows the curing steps. Floreciendo magically cultivates
luck and good fortune by offering sweet-smelling substances to [encantos](https://incaglossary.com/e/encanto.md). [GOL]
  For
patients whose cures are nearly completed, [the curandero] often
conducts a final centering ritual. [WPH]

## [florida water](https://incaglossary.com/fg/florida-water.md)

*See*,
[agua florida](https://incaglossary.com/a/aguaflorida.md).

## [floripondio](https://incaglossary.com/fg/floripondio.md)

*See*, [datura](https://incaglossary.com/d/datura.md).

## [fourth level](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fourthlevel.md)

Languages: Eng

(n) A
level of consciousness characterized by healers who can see, feel, and
recognize the sacred energy of people, places or objects. They are able
to see through the symbol, beyond it, moving into direct energetic
perception. This is the real meaning of being [qhawaq](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhawaq.md). [IEBJ] This is
the level of the [kurak akulliq](https://incaglossary.com/k/kurakakulliqa.md). [NND]

## [Fourth Sun](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fourthsun.md)

(n) This was the age of the
[Awka Runa](https://incaglossary.com/a/awkaruna.md),
literally, the warrior people. In some variations, this age included
the beginnings of the Inca Empire, but most versions exclude the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md). At this time the world was divided into
four parts. There was increased warfare and people were forced to live
in stone houses and fortified towns ([pukara](https://incaglossary.com/p/pucara.md)).
Technology and standards of living were more advanced and more complex.
How this age ended is not specified in the chronicles. [MAN]
(*See*,
 [pachacuti](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacuti.md).)

## [four winds](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fourwinds.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
The four cardinal directions of the compass. *See*, the four
directions individually for significances: [North](https://incaglossary.com/n/north.md), [South](https://incaglossary.com/s/south.md), [East](https://incaglossary.com/e/east.md), [West](https://incaglossary.com/w/west.md).

## [function](https://incaglossary.com/fg/function.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
Free from idealities and pseudo-goals, man has only function as his
guiding force. [Shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) call this [impeccability](https://incaglossary.com/i/impeccability.md). They
derive function from [seeing](https://incaglossary.com/s/seeing.md) energy
directly as it flows in the universe. If [energy](https://incaglossary.com/s/subtleenergy.md) flows in a
certain way, to follow the flow of energy is, for them, being
functional. Function is, therefore, the common denominator by means of
which shamans face the *energetic
facts* of their *cognitive
world*. [TDJ]

## [ganadero](https://incaglossary.com/fg/ganadero.md)

Languages: Span

(n) (1) A herdsman (ganado = livestock); one who wins souls for the
Devil (ganar = to win). (2) One name for the left side of a [curandero mesa](https://incaglossary.com/c/curanderomesa.md). [GOL] *See*, [campo ganadero](https://incaglossary.com/c/campoganadero.md).

## [garabatokasha](https://incaglossary.com/fg/garabatokasha.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) Creeping plant whose roots, bark and sap are used by [sorcerers](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcerer.md).
 [THIM]

## [Garcilaso de la Vega](https://incaglossary.com/fg/garcilaso.md)

*See*, [Appendix M](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m).

## [Gateway of Amaru Muru, Gateway of Aramu Muru](https://incaglossary.com/fg/gatewayofamarumuru.md)

(n) [Both of these spellings are in use and
refer to the same thing. The second spelling is very likely a
transliteration.] At Lake Titicaca, it is a dimensional portal serving
as a connection with the ancient ancestors, the ancient ascended ones.
It is carved into red cliff stone in an area traditionally known for
its radiating lines of geo-energy.[SHC] An
ancient name was Wilka Uta, meaning *House of Divinity*. Another
name was Altarani, meaning *the Place of the Altar*. The Spanish
called it the Devil's Doorway. [IGMP] (*See*,
 [Amaru Muru](https://incaglossary.com/a/amarumuru.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/droppedImage-53.jpg

## [Gateway of the Sun](https://incaglossary.com/fg/gatewayofthesun.md)

(n) This massive carved gate at [Tiwanako](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiwanako.md)
focuses on the central figure of the [staff deity](https://incaglossary.com/s/staffdeities.md),
probably [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md).
It is also called the [Weeping God](https://incaglossary.com/w/weepinggod.md)
and is flanked by [sunkasapa](https://incaglossary.com/s/sunkasapa.md),
described as running angels. [MAN]
The principal deity on the Gateway of the Sun could be a depiction of
an ancient incarnation of the [Aymara](https://incaglossary.com/a/aymara.md)
weather god, [Thunapa](https://incaglossary.com/t-prime/thunapa-wiracocha.md). [TAI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/droppedImage-223.jpg

## [genio](https://incaglossary.com/fg/genio.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Guardian spirits of an animal or plant. [EMM]

## [gentiles](https://incaglossary.com/fg/gentiles.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Pronounced hen-teel-ess. Literally, *gentile,
heathen.* [This word
as a noun is translated Spanish to English. Taking English back to
Spanish, as an adjective rather than a noun, we get *Christian,
genteel, elegant, courteous, excellent*- Patt.] [SEES] (1) One of
three kinds of tutelary spirits that are used by the Andean shamans. (*See*, [koa](https://incaglossary.com/k/koa.md), [awki](https://incaglossary.com/a/awki.md) and [apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/apu.md).) (2) The
name given to the ancient inhabitants of the area who now reside in the
 [Ukhupacha](https://incaglossary.com/u/ukhupacha.md) and cause
a large number of the diseases that attack the Indians. These evil
spirits must be combatted to overcome illness. [WOFW] Our
ancestors, all humans, who have not fulfilled their [ayni](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayni.md). [JLH]

## [gigantón](https://incaglossary.com/fg/giganton.md)

*See*, [huachuma](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma.md).

## [gnomos](https://incaglossary.com/fg/gnomos.md)

Languages: Span

(n) A type of elemental. They are the guardians of subterranean
treasure. [AYV]

## [Golden Disc](https://incaglossary.com/fg/goldendisc.md)

(n)
According to legend, a golden disc that held the record of many ancient
civilizations was brought from Lemuria by [Amaru Muru](https://incaglossary.com/a/amarumuru.md). It was
kept at Tiwanako, Pucara and Cusco. It was said to be made of special
gold and to have a particular vibration that could activate inherent
powers. The physical Golden Disc represents another disc from Lemuria
that usually vibrates and manifests in a higher dimension and can be
experienced when you expand your consciousness. (*See*, [Road of Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/r/roadofwiracocha.md), [ceke](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md), [Hatun Inti](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatuninti.md).) When the
Spanish arrived, it was taken from Cusco to the Monastery of the Seven
Rays and later hidden in a crystal city in the depths of Lake Titicaca.
 [IGMP]

## [Gonzáles, Diego Holguín](https://incaglossary.com/fg/diego-2.md)

Diego
González Holguín (AKA Father Diego). *See*,
 [Appendix M](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m).

## [grow corn and potatoes with it](https://incaglossary.com/fg/grow-corn-and-potatoes-with-it.md)

, (alt.)
grow corn with it: (phrase) Andean expression meaning to bring form to
teachings, dreams, or thoughts.[PSPM] [JLH]

## [Guaca Bilca](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guaca-bilca.md)

*See*,
 [Huaca Wilka](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacawilka.md).

## [guaco](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guaco.md)

*See*. [huaco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaco.md).

## [guanaco, huanaco](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guanaco.md)

(n) A [camelid](https://incaglossary.com/c/camelid.md). We are
more familiar with the other name used for this animal: the [llama](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llama.md). However,
the llama is a domesticated guanaco. The [alpaca](https://incaglossary.com/a/alpaca.md) is another
domesticated guanaco bred specifically for its wool, and it is thus
much hairier than its llama kin. [WAZ]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/guanaco.jpg — The guanaco, a wild camelid. [WAZ]

## [Guari](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guari.md)

*See*,
 [Wari](https://incaglossary.com/w/wari.md).

## [guayrur aklla](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guayrur-aklla.md)

(n) The [mama kuna](https://incaglossary.com/m/mamakuna.md). (*See*, [aklla](https://incaglossary.com/a/aklla.md).)

## [guayusa, huayusa](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guayusa.md)

(n) (*Ilex
guayusa*)
Used principally for energy, stopping bleeding, as a diuretic,
purgative, and for diarrhea, indigestion and a calmative. Because it
has the effect of calming while at the same time energizing you, it
gives [lucid dreams](https://incaglossary.com/l/luciddream.md).
The plant is also known as the "watchman's plant," as even when
sleeping you are aware of the outer physical surroundings. It is
considered a great plant teacher. [SCU]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/paint683.png — Guayusa

## [guinea pig](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guinea-pig.md)

*See*, [quwi](https://incaglossary.com/q/quwi.md).

## [guacacue](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guacacue.md)

(n)
The Incas had some doctors or philosophical diviners called guacacue
who went around naked in isolated gloomy places of the region. Walking
alone in the deserts without rest or tranquility they dedicated
themselves to divination or philosophy. From sunrise to sunset they
looked at the solar disk with great firmness, no matter how fiery it
was, without moving their eyes. They said that in that splendid fiery
disk they saw and attained great secrets. All day they stood on the
burning sands without feeling pain; and they also suffered with
patience the cold and snow [of the altiplano]. They lived  a very
pure, simple way of life, not wanting anything beyond what reason and
nature demanded, eating wild roots and herbs, nothing cultivated. They
carried with them their [mesa de manjares](https://incaglossary.com/m/mesademanjares.md) and as a
result among them there were no ailments or diverse sicknesses, rather
they had perfect health and died at a very old age. [WOFW]  [Medicine](https://incaglossary.com/m/medicine.md) men or divine philosophers called
guacacue, who would wander in the nude through the most isolated and
abandoned places of this land… and walking in solitude in the
wilderness, without rest or relaxation, they indulged in [divination](https://incaglossary.com/d/divination.md) and
philosophy. From sunrise to sunset they looked fixedly at the disc of
the sun without moving their eyes and said that in that resplendent
sphere they could see and learn great secrets; and during a whole day
they would stand on one foot over the hot, scalding sands of the desert
and they felt no pain; and they also endured with unyielding patience
the simple and pure life and never procured for themselves any
pleasures; and there was nothing they coveted more than the reasons of
nature... [HGP] [*Guaca* is an
early Spanish spelling of *[huaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md)*. -- Patt]

## [guaoqui](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guaoqui.md)

*See*, [wayqi](https://incaglossary.com/w/wayqi.md).

## [guaraná](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guarana.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) An herb used as a nerve tonic. [WOFW] *Paullinia
cupana* is a
climbing plant in the maple family native to the Amazon basin. Guaraná
features large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for
its fruit, which is about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary
supplement, guaraná is an effective stimulant: its seeds contain about
twice the concentration of caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2–4.5%
caffeine in guaraná seeds compared to 1–2% for coffee beans). [WIKI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/guaranabeans.png — Guaraná beans.

## [guayo colorado](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guayo-colorado.md)

, bollén,
colorado de Chile, guayo chileno, huayo, huayu: (n) *Kageneckia
oblonga*. In
traditional medicine it is used as emetic and laxative. [WIKI] An
infusion is considered a cure for the sickness known as verrugas
(Carrion's disease). [REPC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/FG_files/guayocolorado.png — Maturing fruits of guayo colorado.

## Sources

- **AVO**: my notes from Alberto Villoldo, various writings and lectures
- **AYV**: *Ayahuasca Visions,* Luna
- **DYE**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **EMM**: www.ayahuasca-shamanism.co.uk/
- **GOL**: *The Gift of Life*, Glass-Coffin.
- **HGP**: *Historia general del Peru*, de Morua
- **IEBJ**: *Initiation*, Jenkins
- **IGMP**: *Andean Awakening*, Delgado
- **JLH**: Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures
- **MAN**: *Mythology of the American Nations*, Jones and Molyneaux
- **NGEO1**: National Geographic News, April 22, 2002
- **NND**: www.netnaturdoktoren.dk/ordbog.htm
- **PGO**: Patt Grantham O’Neill, personal definitions I write when I cannot find a good one elsewhere.
- **PSL**: www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm  Bolivian Quechua
- **PSPM**: *Pachakuti Mesa*, Magee
- **REPC**: *Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, *Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]
- **SCU**: www.shamanism.co.uk
- **SEES**: Crowell's Spanish-English and English-Spanish Dictionary
- **SHC**: www.sacredheritage.com/andean.html
- **TAI**: *Tiwanaku: Ancestors of the Inca,* Young-Sánchez
- **TDJ**: *The Teachings of Don Juan*, Castaneda
- **TEG**: *The Eagle’s Gift*, Castaneda
- **THIM**: *The Three Halves of Ino Moxo*
- **WAZ**: www.americazoo.com
- **WIKI**: en.wikipedia.org (no www)
- **WOFW**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **WPH**: Eduardo el Curandero, Calderón