# H — Inca Glossary

> From the Inca Glossary by Patt O'Neill (© 2007, 2008, 2014).
> Web page: https://incaglossary.com/h
> 188 terms. Each term heading links to that term's own Markdown file.

## [hacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hacha.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Tears. [ASD]

## [hacha llullu mitha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hacha-llullu-mitha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) To shed tears. [ASD]

## [hachatha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hachatha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) To weep. [ASD]

## [hachecoc](https://incaglossary.com/h/hachecoc.md)

(n) A [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) who [divined](https://incaglossary.com/d/divination.md) by ingesting [tobacco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tobacco.md) and [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md) leaves. [DYE]

## [hachu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hachu.md)

(n) A [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) who made
various [magical passes](https://incaglossary.com/m/magicalpass.md) with corn
and animal droppings. [MHP] They would
make passes with grains of maize and animal excreta. [DYE]

## [hach'u, kuka hach'u, khulla](https://incaglossary.com/h/hachu-2.md)

(n) Wad of chewed [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md).
 [ROR]

## [hach'u p'anpay](https://incaglossary.com/h/hachu-panpay.md)

(n) The ritual burial of chewed [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md).
 [ROR]

## [hadas](https://incaglossary.com/h/hadas.md)

(n)
A type of elemental.

## [hakakuna](https://incaglossary.com/h/hakakuna.md)

(n) All the sacred rocks.

## [hake mallkis](https://incaglossary.com/h/hake-mallkis.md)

(n) The winged ones, spirits of the ancient ones, the masters who have
become mountains and started the Lineage. [JLH]
(*See*,
 [mallqui](https://incaglossary.com/m/mallqui.md).)

## [halatha](https://incaglossary.com/h/halatha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v)
To fly. [ASD]

## [hallpakusunchis](https://incaglossary.com/h/hallpakusunchis.md)

(phrase)
Let us chew [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md) together. [THLH]

## [hallpay](https://incaglossary.com/h/hallpay.md)

(n) Non-ceremonial chewing of [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md).
 Homecoming, coming to unity, to [ayni](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayni.md);
bringing conflicting elements in to sacred space. [RS]
[JLH] [KOAK] [ROR]
Hallpay carries a way of life with it. To do it properly according to
traditional ceremony is to be a *Runa*, a real
person. To chew coca leaves is to affirm the attitudes and values --
the habits of mind and body -- that are characteristic of indigenous
Andean culture. (*See*, [lo andino](https://incaglossary.com/l/loandino.md).) [THLH]

## [hamawt'a](https://incaglossary.com/h/hamawta.md)

(n) Teacher, community leader. (adj) Wise. [QP]

## [hampi, jampi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampi.md)

(v) Drug, medicine. [QP] Anything
with animating, revitalizing and healing properties. Spirit medicine. [PSPM] Medicinal
plants. [ACAI] *See*, [k'anchay](https://incaglossary.com/k-prime/kanchay.md), [kawsay](https://incaglossary.com/k/kawsay.md),
 [sami](https://incaglossary.com/s/sami.md).

## [hampicamayoc](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampicamayoc.md)

(n) A
medical doctor. [TLD]

## [hampi catu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampi-catu.md)

(n) A
vendor of medicinal herbs. [DYE] *See*, *hampi*, above.

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/hampicatu.jpg — A hampi catu selling medicinal herbs in Pisac.

## [hampichiy, hampiy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampichiy.md)

(n) To heal; to cure. [QP]
[RS]

## [hampikamayoq, hampicamayoq](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampikamayoq.md)

(n) Literally, *remedy
keeper*.
A doctor, a healer. [ACA]
 [Medicine](https://incaglossary.com/m/medicine.md)
man; healer; pharmacist; chemist; doctor. [RS]

## [hampikuna](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampikuna.md)

(n)
Healing [energies](https://incaglossary.com/s/subtleenergy.md). [PSPM] *See*, [k'anchay](https://incaglossary.com/k-prime/kanchay.md), [kawsay](https://incaglossary.com/k/kawsay.md),
 [sami](https://incaglossary.com/s/sami.md).

## [hampikuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampikuy.md)

(v) To
heal oneself. [ANON1]

## [hampina wasi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampina-wasi.md)

(n) Hospital. [QP]
(*See*,
 [hampi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampi.md),
 [wasi](https://incaglossary.com/w/wasi.md).)

## [hampiq, hanpeq](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampiq.md)

(1) Doctor. (2) The [paq'okuna](https://incaglossary.com/p/paqokuna.md) lineage
practices.
[PSPM]  A [paq'o](https://incaglossary.com/p/paqo.md) who specializes in curing. [WOFW]  An
expert in medicinal plants (*see*, *hampi*,
above). [ACAI] Healer. [QP]

## [hampiri](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampiri.md)

(n) [Medicine](https://incaglossary.com/m/medicine.md)
man; healer; physician. [RS]

## [hampiriy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampiriy.md)

(v) To be saved; to be remedied. [RS]

## [hampiyuq wasi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampiyuq-wasi.md)

(n) Pharmacy. [QP]

## [hamppattitha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hamppattitha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) Pray. To plead to God.[ASD]

## [hampui](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampui.md)

*See*, [hampuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampuy.md).

## [hampumuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampumuy.md)

(v) *Come!*
(*See*,
 [hampuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampuy.md).)
 [JLH]

## [hampuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampuy.md)

(v) Command form of the verb *to come* used by Andean Priests to
call the spirit of a person, god, teacher, or a nature being: *COME*!
 [QNO]
[RS] [JLH] [AVO]

## [hampuy hampuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hampuy-hampuy.md)

(expression) Idiosyncratic phrase blending *hamuy* (come in!)
and *hampi* (spirit
medicine) used at the end of a prayer or oration to anchor in the
presence and medicine of the addressed spirits. [ANON1]

## [hamuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/hamuy.md)

(v) To come. [QP]

## [hanan](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanan.md)

(adv) Upper, the above; relationship of verticality with [cekes](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md).
 [JLH]

(adj) Upper; high; elevated; superior. [RS] (*See*,
 [hurin](https://incaglossary.com/h/hurin.md).)

## [hanan and hurin](https://incaglossary.com/h/hananandhurin.md)

(adj/adv) Upper and lower, the two moieties or halves of the Andean
duality. Similar in concept to the Chinese *yin*
and *yang*,
the division may be literal or symbolic. Mountains, man, day, sky, sun,
and present are *hanan*
(upper). Coast, jungle, woman, earth, water, night, and the past are *hurin*
(lower). The division was based on various criteria, including
topography, kinship, and mythology. It could be reversed under certain
conditions. [CSCR]

## [Hanan and Hurin Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/h/hananandhurincusco.md)

(n) Literally, *Upper
and Lower* *[Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md)*.
The two social divisions of the city. Legend has it, the division was
ordered by founding [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) [Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md).
Having great cosmological significance, the division prevailed until
the arrival of the Spanish. [MAN]
(*See*,
Appendix D for a more complete explanation, also,
 [hanan and hurin](https://incaglossary.com/h/hananandhurin.md).)

## [hanan uma](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanan-uma.md)

(n)
Higher mind; an enlightened mind. [ANON1]

## [hanaq](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaq.md)

(adj) Upper. (adv) Above. [QP]
A variation of [hanan](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanan.md).

## [Hanaqpacha, Hanan Pacha, Hanaq'pacha, Janan Pacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha.md)

(n) Sky; heaven; the upper or
superior world, defined by it's abundance of super-refined energy or [sami](https://incaglossary.com/s/sami.md).
 [RS]
The Heavenly
Underworld. Only
righteous people could enter it, crossing a bridge made of hair. [EFD]
Multileveled Upper World. [IGMP] A realm of
infinite wisdom, divine light, and universal power. It could be equated
to a living [akashic](https://incaglossary.com/a/akashicrecord.md) space,
through which the [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) is able to
embody universal wisdom and, through [magical flight](https://incaglossary.com/j/journey.md), deliver
insight. [PSPM] The
superior realm, the sphere of super-conscious reality and divine
purpose; a realm of higher consciousness and vibration inhabited by
sublime energies, master teachers, and non-physical beings; the
embodiment or symbol of the Hanaq Pacha is Kuntur, ([condor](https://incaglossary.com/c/condor.md)) who
blesses us with light and love from the heavens. [ANON1] (*See*,
 [hanaq](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaq.md), [hanan](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanan.md).)

## [hanaqpacha qhaqya rayo](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha-qhaqya-rayo.md)

(n) *Rayo
del supramundo de illuminacion mistica*, or
lightning bolt of mystical illumination. Mediated and delivered by [siwar q'enti](https://incaglossary.com/s/siwarqenti.md), an
encounter with lightning results in an “enlightening vision of the
universe,” known as the [Tiqsi Muyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsi-muyu.md) surrounded
by [Amaru](https://incaglossary.com/a/amaru.md), or [Tiqsi Muyu Amaru](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsi-muyu-amaru.md). Having
been struck with the lightning bolt, the initiate is exposed to a flash
of light, much like an ovum, made up of infinite filaments believed to
be individual souls or divine sparks incarnating themselves.  (*See*, also, [Inca Mallku](https://incaglossary.com/i/incamallku.md).) [PSPM]When
lightning strikes, it causes an electrical breakdown of the air to
occur (ionization). This is the *stepped
leader*; it
creates a pathway for electricity to travel from the clouds to the
ground and is met by one of many upward leaders extending from the
ground. The interaction of positive and negative equalizes the two
energies, creating what is called the return stroke, which produces the
flash of light and instantly heats the air to a temperature five times
hotter than the surface of the sun and gives birth to thunder. [WAWC] (sp)

---

**The**
 *hanaqpacha
qhaqya rayo*
**(shamanic lightning initiation) has similarities to the physical
process of lightning creation. In both we find the following: (1)
breakdown of previously existing conditions to create a pathway from
the sky to the earth, (2) interaction of opposite energies to create
equalization or balance, and (3) combination of opposites to create a
powerful expansion of energy greater than the sum of its parts.
Additionally, the entry into the body, passage through the body, and
exiting of the body corresponds to the three aspects of initiation: the
call of the self, the [dismemberment](https://incaglossary.com/d/dismemberment.md)
of the self, and the reconstruction of the self.** [PSPM]

---

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/rayo.jpg

## [hanaqpacha rumi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha-rumi.md)

(n)
Literally, *heaven
stone*. A
meteorite, or a stone with a star pattern even if it's not a meteorite.
Such stones are excellent for tracking in time. They allow you to taste
timelessness. Whenever you work with such stones, observe whether an
event has already taken place or will happen. [AVO]

## [hani tucuychañami](https://incaglossary.com/h/hani-tucuychanami.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) God without beginning and without end. [ASD]

## [hanku haywa](https://incaglossary.com/h/hankuhaywa.md)

(n) A raw offering. [ROR]

## [Hanp'átu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanpatu.md)

(n) The
name of the Dark Cloud Constellation of the toad. Its terrestrial
counterpart is *Bufo
spinulosus*, which
tolerates dry altitude very well and breeds principally at the onset of
the rainy season. Like [Mach'ácuy](https://incaglossary.com/m/machacuay.md), this toad
burrows in the earth during the cold/dry season to reemerge with the
warm/rainy season. The celestial toad rises into the sky in the early
morning just after terrestrial toads have emerged from their long
period of subterranean hibernation and just at the time of their most
intense croaking and mating period. [ACES] (*See*, [yana phuyu](https://incaglossary.com/y/yana-phuyu.md), [pachatira](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachatira.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/bufo.jpg — Bufo spinulosus, the animal basis for the Dark Cloud Constellation of Hanp'átu.

## [happattitha](https://incaglossary.com/h/happattitha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) To praise God. [ASD]

## [hapra](https://incaglossary.com/h/hapra.md)

(n) He
who has lost all vision but whose eyes are apparently intact. [DYE]

## [hapu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hapu.md)

(n) Sacred couple, finest form of [yanantin](https://incaglossary.com/y/yanantin.md);
a sacred couple who have both reached full development of the three
human powers: mind, heart, and body ([yachay](https://incaglossary.com/y/yachay.md), [munay](https://incaglossary.com/m/munay.md), [llank'ay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llankay.md)).
 [RS]
The most powerful relationships are either hapu or [ranti](https://incaglossary.com/r/ranti.md).
Hapu is a relationship of yanatin qualities that together are ten times
stronger and propel you. These are autonomous entities in relationship.
 [JLH]
The
harmonious union of two masculine energies. [KOAK]

## [hapu ranti](https://incaglossary.com/h/hapuranti.md)

(n) Right relationship.  (*See*,
 [hapu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hapu.md),
 [ranti](https://incaglossary.com/r/ranti.md).)

## [haravec](https://incaglossary.com/h/haravec.md)

(n) Minstrel, bard. [THIM]
A poet. [DYE]

## [harawi](https://incaglossary.com/h/harawi.md)

(n) Poem, song. [QP]

## [hark'ana, harkana, arkana](https://incaglossary.com/h/harkana.md)

(n) A passive defense sung over someone in an [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md)
session. [AYV]
Barrier; obstacle. [RS]
(*See*,
 [tinguna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinguna.md).)

## [hark'apay](https://incaglossary.com/h/harkapay.md)

(v) To protect. [QP]

## [hark'ay](https://incaglossary.com/h/harkay.md)

(v) To prevent. [QP]Obstruct,
defend, detain, prevent, intervene in favor of another. [TLD] To block,
to bar. [AYV] (*See*, [hark'ana](https://incaglossary.com/h/harkana.md).)

## [harmine](https://incaglossary.com/h/harmine.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)  The alkaloid of the [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md)
vine. [AYV]

## [hasp'ikuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/haspikuy.md)

(v) To itch, to scratch. [QP]

## [hatha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatha.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Lineage. [ASD]

## [hatumpi ccatu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatumpi-ccatu.md)

(n) *See*,
 [despacho](https://incaglossary.com/d/despacho.md).

## [hatun, jatun](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun.md)

Languages: adj.

Big; tall; grand; high; large; great. (n) The Universe
composed of [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md)
and [Pachacamac](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacamac.md).
 [RS]

## [hatun awkicha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-awkicha.md)

(n) Great-grandfather.  [ROR]

## [hatun cocha, hatun qucha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-cocha.md)

(n) Ocean. (Also,
mama cocha.)

## [hatun chacana](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunchakana.md)

(n) Hatun
chakana literally means *great
cross* or *great
ladder*. The
Southern Cross constellation, the main entry point to parallel worlds.
For this reason, the main entrances to pre-[Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) and Inca
monolithic temples are located in the south. It is considered an
interdimensional portal one may journey through to the *hanaqpacha*
(*see*, above). The
connection of the east and the west, the horizontal line, is symbolic
of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west. It also refers
to the biological lifespan of birth to death. The vertical line from
north to south is symbolic of spirit descending into matter, the
spiritual evolution of humankind toward our true nature experienced in
the absence of time. The cross is universally understood as the plus
sign, which refers to the connections made when the four directions are
bridged together, showing the higher self together with the lessons of
the biological self, merging in the center in the form of the master
teacher.[PSPM] The
great cross, the Southern Cross constellation from which consciousness
is said to enter into the world, and through which consciousness will
return to Creator; also a name for the Andean cross. [ANON1] See, *huch'uy
cruz*, below.*
See*, [chacana](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chacana.md)  and [Southern Cross](https://incaglossary.com/s/southerncross.md) for more
definition and picture.

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/hatunchacana.jpg — Hatun Chacana.

## [Hatun Inti](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatuninti.md)

(n)
The Divine Central Sun. God. [IGMP]

## [hatun karpay](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-karpay.md)

(n) (1) The great or high initiation or transmission. [JNP]
(2) The transmission of an entire [lineage](https://incaglossary.com/l/lineage.md) to an
initiate. [ANON1] (3) The coronation or crowning of a [Sapa Inka](https://incaglossary.com/s/sapainca.md). [ANON1] *See*, [karpay](https://incaglossary.com/k/karpay.md).

## [hatun k'anchay](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunkanchay.md)

(n) Lightning. [RS]
(*See*,
 [chuqui illa](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chuquiilla.md).)

## [hatun khuya sepka](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-khuya-sepka.md)

(n)
Literally, *container
of great affection* if one
translates *sepka* as container. *See*, [khuya](https://incaglossary.com/k-prime/khuya.md) and [sepka](https://incaglossary.com/s/sepka.md). A
centerpiece of the mesa. [PSPM]

## [hatun layka](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-layka.md)

(n) Master [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md). [WXC]

## [hatun madrina, hatun padrino](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-madrina.md)

(n) Vertical sponsor, female or male, at a marriage (sp). [ROR]

## [hatun misarumi sepka](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-misarumi-sepka.md)

(n) Great
center power object of the [mesa](https://incaglossary.com/m/mesa.md). [PSPM]

## [hatun ñan](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunnyan.md)

(n)
Literally, *big
road*. A major [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) road. [SIH] *See*, [ñan](https://incaglossary.com/n/nyan.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/hatunnyan.png — The hatun ñan running through Huayna Capac's (see, below) estate clearly shows a ramp. [SIH]

## [hatun paq'o](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-paqo.md)

(n) Great healer who sources from the [luminous body](https://incaglossary.com/l/luminousbody.md).
 [JLH]

## [hatun p'unchaw](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-punchaw.md)

(n) Holiday; feast day; solemnity. [RS] (*See*,
 [Punchao](https://incaglossary.com/p/punchao.md).)

## [Hatun Qeros](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-qeros.md)

(n) *High
Q'ero*.
This town serves as the ceremonial center of the [Q'ero](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qero.md) Nation. [RS]

## [hatun qucha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-qucha.md)

*See*, *hatun
cocha*, above. [RS]

## [hatun quyllur](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-quyllur.md)

(n) Planet. [RS]
(*See*,
 [qoyllur](https://incaglossary.com/q/qoyllur.md).)

## [hatun rumi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-rumi.md)

(n) Boulder. [RS]

## [hatun runa](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunruna.md)

(n) Literally, *the
great people*,
were the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
commoners. They were of lower rank than the [Panacas](https://incaglossary.com/p/panaca.md)
and lesser royalty, making up the majority of the population.
 They were organized into tens of thousands of [ayllus](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayllu.md). Higher ranking ayllus of hatun runa
were the [Curacas](https://incaglossary.com/c/curaca.md), holding hereditary
lordships and serving as imperial agents. The empire redistributed
large groups of hatun runa as [mitimaes](https://incaglossary.com/m/mitimaes.md)
resulting in economic and social stabilization. [MAN]

## [hatun sasi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-sasi.md)

*See*, [sasi](https://incaglossary.com/s/sasi.md).

## [hatun sonqo](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-sonqo.md)

(n)
Literally, *great
heart*. The
dwelling space for the universal love vibration; big hearted;
free-hearted. [PSPM] Universal
heart of compassion/unconditional love. [ANON1]

## [hatun yaku](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatun-yaku.md)

(n) River. [RS]

## [Hatun Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunwiracocha.md)

(n) One of the many names given to [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md),
this one by the people of Urcos. [MAN]

## [hauira](https://incaglossary.com/h/hauira.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) River. [ASD]

## [hauira cata](https://incaglossary.com/h/hauira-cata.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Mother of the river. [ASD]

## [hayllalla](https://incaglossary.com/h/hayllalla.md)

, hayaya,
jallalla: (interjection) Well-being, salvation. [Translates as *salud!* in
Spanish. [PGO]] Triumph
of the heart. [JLH] (*See*, [haylli](https://incaglossary.com/h/haylli.md).)

## [haylli](https://incaglossary.com/h/haylli.md)

(n) religious, heroic or agricultural song; triumph; shout and or song
of triumph; joy and glory; ovation. [RS]
[TLD]
The [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) were said to triumph over the
earth by plowing it so it might yield crops. [ACA]

## [haylliy](https://incaglossary.com/h/haylliy.md)

(v) To shout in triumph. [TLD]

## [hayaya](https://incaglossary.com/h/hayaya.md)

*See*,
 [hayllalla](https://incaglossary.com/h/hayllalla.md).

## [haywa, hayway](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywa.md)

(n) A ritual offering, sacrifice. [ROR]
[QP]

## [haywarisqa, haywasqa](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywarisqa.md)

(n) (1) A Quechua term for [despacho](https://incaglossary.com/d/despacho.md).
 [NND]
An offering to the spirits that can contain more than 200 ingredients. [RS] An
offering. [TLD] (2) An
ancient ritual that is designed to show the [apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/apu.md)
how much the people appreciate their herds and also how well they have
taken care of them since the previous year. For the Andean herders, the
survival and well being of their flocks are the very essence upon which
their lives depend. The haywarisqa is a classic rite of intensification
through which the future well-being of the herders' [alpaca](https://incaglossary.com/a/alpaca.md) flocks is addressed. [WPMC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-334.jpg

## [haywariky aklly](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywariky-aklly.md)

(n)
A very sacred form of [haywarkuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywarkuy.md).
 [WCH]

## [haywariy](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywariy.md)

(v) To hand in, to put into the hands of another. [WIKID]

## [haywarkuy, haywakuy, haywarikuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/haywarkuy.md)

(n) (1) A festival every August known as payment to Mother Earth, in which [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md) leaves, food and beverages are offered. [QP] (2) The offering made by the [shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) to the spirit. [WCH] A type of ritual offering that uses focused, reverent intention to return the gifts we have received back to the source they originated from. A [despacho](https://incaglossary.com/d/despacho.md). [PSPM] Ritual offering/feeding, referred to in Spanish as *despacho* or *pago* (payment) or simply *ofrenda* (offering); usually an offering made to [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md) or to the [Apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/apu.md)kuna of one's region, but also often made to a particular personal Apu or upon the occasion of a birth, a death, the consecration of a new house, or for healing of oneself or of a client of a [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md)-priest; over 300 distinct kinds of haywarik'uykuna (plural) exist, most of which contain at least six of each of the four primary elements involved: animal (feeding the [tirakuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tirakuna.md)), plant (feeding the [awki](https://incaglossary.com/a/awki.md)kuna), mineral (feeding the mallqu[mallki](https://incaglossary.com/m/mallqui.md)ikuna), and human-made (feeding the [machula aulanchis](https://incaglossary.com/m/machulaaulanchis.md)kuna); the primary ritual of the [Q'ero](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qero.md) traditions (also, *see*, *haywarisqa*, above). [ANON1]

## [hayway](https://incaglossary.com/h/hayway.md)

(v) To give, to offer. [TLD] (n) A sacrifice. [RS]

## [head binding](https://incaglossary.com/h/head-binding.md)

Languages: Eng

(n) The binding of the head of a newborn was usually done privately and without ceremony by the mother. A small board was placed on the forehead and another on the nape of the neck, tying them both; and every day they tightened the boards closer and they did not remove them until the child was three years old. This, and other methods, produced marked deformities which varied in shape and manner, depending upon the tribe and region. This artificial shaping of the skull, which varied with different tribal traditions, served at that time as a means of identification of the members of a social group. Although this practice does not necessarily produce serious mental disturbances, the most disproportionate head was the prettiest and sometimes this became competitive. Some children would die and others were permanently crippled from the effects. Some of the skulls recovered from ancient graves are so markedly distorted, that one wonders what effect this may have had on the higher functions of the brain. [DYE]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/boundskull1.png — A head binding method and skulls recovered from ancient graves showing the effects of head binding in infancy.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/boundskull2.jpg — A head binding method and skulls recovered from ancient graves showing the effects of head binding in infancy. [DYE]

## [hechicería](https://incaglossary.com/h/hechiceria.md)

Languages: Span

(n) [Sorcery](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcery.md). [CEES]

## [hechicería marupa](https://incaglossary.com/h/hechiceria-marupa.md)

Languages: Span

(n) [Marupa](https://incaglossary.com/m/marupa.md) [sorcery](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcery.md); the manipulation
of certain animals -- insects, snakes, scorpions, bats, rays, toads,
etc. -- which the sorcerer keeps in his [mariri](https://incaglossary.com/m/mariri.md)
and which he uses to do harm. The victim might feel an urge to go to a
certain place where she will meet the marupa , which will attack her. [AYV]

## [hechicero](https://incaglossary.com/h/hechicero.md)

Languages: Span

(n) A [sorcerer](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcerer.md). [CEES]

## [hechecoc](https://incaglossary.com/h/hechecoc.md)

(n) [Shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) who
divined disease after eating varying amounts of snuff and [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md). [MHP]

## [hechizo](https://incaglossary.com/h/hechizo.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Magic, spell, charm, sorcery, enchantment. (adj) Artificial, fake. [SEES]

## [hermaphrodite](https://incaglossary.com/h/hermaphrodite.md)

(n) A hermaphrodite (Greek: ερμαφρόδιτος) is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes. [WIKI] The ambisexual deity was represented in ancient Peru in several local mythologies. Small idols cast in bronze showing both sexes are frequently found in the graves of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) culture; and one of the ancient legends of the central highlands tells about Chaupi-ñamca, the wife of a magic healer, who always gave birth to hermaphrodites. [DYE] *See*, [sexual activity](https://incaglossary.com/s/sexualactivity.md) for more information and other links.

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/hermaphrodite.png — Mochica ceramic recovered from a grave showing a hermaphrodite self-amputating the male organ with a [tumi](https://incaglossary.com/t/tumi.md). [DYE]

## [hierbas](https://incaglossary.com/h/hierbas.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Herbs, grass, pasture. [SEES]

## [hierbatero (-a)](https://incaglossary.com/h/hierbatero--a.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Herbalist (male or female); a [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) who works
with spirit forces of the natural world, of mountains and lakes. [GOL]

## [High Quechua](https://incaglossary.com/h/high-quechua.md)

*See*, [Qhapaq Simi](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaqsimi.md).

## [higuerella del pais](https://incaglossary.com/h/higuerella-del-pais.md)

,
higuerilla mexicana (Span): (n) *Ricinus
communis*. Employed
by the natives as a superative for external swellings. [REPC] Widespread
throughout tropical regions (and widely grown elsewhere as an
ornamental plant), castor seed is the source of castor oil, which has a
wide variety of uses. The seeds contain between 40% and 60% oil that is
rich in triglycerides. The seed contains ricin, a toxin, which is also
present in lower concentrations throughout the plant. The name *Ricinus* is a Latin
word for tick; the seed is so named because it has markings and a bump
at the end that resemble certain ticks. The common name *castor oil*
probably comes from its use as a replacement for *castoreum*, a
perfume base made from the dried perineal glands of the beaver (*castor* in Latin).
It has another common name, palm of Christ, or *Palma
Christi*, that
derives from castor oil's reputed ability to heal wounds and cure
ailments. Castor oil has many uses in medicine and other applications.
An alcoholic extract of the leaf was shown, in lab rats, to protect the
liver from damage from certain poisons. Methanolic extracts of the
leaves of *Ricinus
communis* were used
in antimicrobial testing against eight pathogenic bacteria in rats and
showed antimicrobial properties. The extract was not toxic. The
pericarp of castor bean showed central nervous system effects in mice
at low doses. At high doses mice quickly died.  A water extract of
the root bark showed analgesic activity in rats.  Antihistamine
and anti-inflammatory properties were found in ethanolic extract of *Ricinus
communis* root bark.
 [WIKI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/castor1.jpg — The castor bean plant, with female flowers (left) and male flowers (right).
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/castor2.jpg — The castor bean plant, with female flowers (left) and male flowers (right). [WIKI]

## [hihuatha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hihuatha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) To die. [ASD]

## [hila ñayra huahua](https://incaglossary.com/h/hila-nayra-huahua.md)

(n) Firstborn son. [ASD]
(Note: huahua -- or wawa -- is Quechua for baby.)

## [hiporúru, iporuru](https://incaglossary.com/h/hiporuru.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) (*Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) Juss*) A plant
whose leaves are macerated in alcohol to form a tonic that expels
weakness of the blood and heart, overcomes diabetes, and returns sexual
vigor to old men.  [THIM]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/hiporuru.jpg — Hiporúru.

## [hiska hauiri](https://incaglossary.com/h/hiska-hauiri.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Brook or small river. [ASD]

## [hiwaya rumi](https://incaglossary.com/h/hiwaya-rumi.md)

(n) A
punishment which consisted of letting a heavy rock fall upon the chest
of the victim from a height of two yards. According to Guaman [Poma](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#poma), this
frequently “caused death, but others were half-dead and were cured and
recovered, although some remained badly crippled.” [DYE]

## [hojé](https://incaglossary.com/h/hoje.md)

*See*, [ojé](https://incaglossary.com/o/oje.md).

## [hombre tragadero](https://incaglossary.com/h/hombre-tragadero.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Literally,
*swallowing man*. An evil
spirit that swallows people up. [GOL]

## [hoocha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hoocha.md)

*See*,
 [hucha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hucha.md).

## [huaca, wak'a](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md)

(n) (1) *Power*. A huaca was both a localization of power and the
power itself resident in an object, a mountain, a grave, an ancestral
mummy, a ceremonial city, a shrine, a sacred tree, cave, spring, or
lake of origination, a river or standing stone, the statue of a deity,
a revered square or a bit of ground where festivals were held or where
a great man lived. [Coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md), the narcotic leaf
from the montaña, was huaca. [WOFW] The sacred
energy of people, places and objects. [IEBJ] Divine
power. [GOL]The power
which enabled skilled artisans to produce curious pieces of goldwork or
fine tapestry or rich dyes or the like was also huaca. [WOFW] (2) *Sacred
site.* Empowered place, shrine. Idol.  [HOI]
There was a logic to prestige categories of [Kollana](https://incaglossary.com/k/kollana.md), [Payan](https://incaglossary.com/p/payan.md)
and [Kayao](https://incaglossary.com/k/kayao.md)
that divided the system of shrines around Inca Cusco. [WEA]
On the coast, huaca is applied to ancient temple mounds. (3) *Nature*.
A number of gods of nature, found in the shape of rocks, mountains,
trees, lakes, etc. [GM]
[Incan](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) spirit being, the
exaltation of a natural object such as a rock or place of importance. [EOG]

Anything that incited religious wonder. Other focuses of devotion were
large or oddly shaped stones. [IAWS]
(4) *The
stars.* It is significant that the Peruvian Indians saw the
heavens in the same terms as the earth, radiating holy influences.
Stars and stones differed not at all in the intensity of their
respective powers. One real difference, however, can be perceived on
closer inspection between the stellar and the chthonic, namely that the
stellar huacas served more as repositories for the basic ideas and
categories in creation, as blueprints and sources of all forms and
shapes, whereas stone and earth possessed in a higher degree the vital
element that infused these forms. No stone huaca, for instance, was
thought to be the progenitor of all mankind; it was rather the ancestor
of a particular tribe, more specific and less ideal. No star, on the
contrary, was known as the ancestor of any specific tribe of men. [EOTI] (5) *Ceke
energy.* The primary elements of energetic regulation for the [ceke](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md) system. [ANON1] (adj)
Precious. Impregnated with a magical or religious power by virtue of
its symbolic shape or its origin.[SVI] (*See*,
 [huaco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaco.md), [huaquero](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaquero.md).)

---

**The
huaca manifest in the earth and in stone had a special significance,
for it was the very flesh of the Mother. For the ancient Peruvians, men
evolved from the living rock, and the concept of huaca embodied the
capacity for infinite self multiplication, the very secret of nature.** [WOFW]

---

## [huacacamayoc, huacamayoc](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacacamayoc.md)

(n) A
huaca (*see*, *huaca*,
above) guardian or keeper. [TKI] Each huaca
had a guardian or caretaker who also effected cures. The guardian would
invoke the gods with a [mocha](https://incaglossary.com/m/mocha.md) and
sacrifices would be poured, aspirated or burned at the site of the
huaca. The Indians would confess their sins and the confessors would
rub their heads with a small rock called the *pardon stone* or
with a rope twisted of black and white threads, both to purify the
patient and to capture the illness in the object. [GOL]  A
specialist in shrines and sacred objects. [ACAI]

## [huacapú](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacapu.md)

(n) *Minquartia
guinensis,* The
Indian tribes in the Amazon sometimes use huacapú bark as a fish
poison. They pound the bark until it is bruised and then put it into
small streams and ponds where it stuns the fish and they can be easily
collected on the top of the water. The bark is also often used as a
malaria remedy, as well as for tuberculosis, hepatitis, and rheumatism.
The outer bark is considered "too strong a medicine" therefore, more
often, the inner bark is used when preparing remedies for humans.
Huacapú bark is prepared as a decoction and used as a respected remedy
for herpes, lung cancer, hepatitis, malaria, rheumatism and
tuberculosis. It is also used for intestinal worms and parasites,
muscular pain, and externally for skin irritations,. It is also used
for leishmaniasis (a tropical parasitic disease carried by sand flies),
and used externally on lacerations and wounds. A common remedy for
rheumatism is to macerate 200 grams of huacapú bark in a liter of
alcohol for 7-10 days (a tincture). It is taken in tablespoon dosages
each day for 15 days. It is also a [plant teacher](https://incaglossary.com/p/plantteachers.md) and used in [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md)
mixtures. [RFD] *See*,
 [palero](https://incaglossary.com/p/palero.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huacapu1.jpg — The leaves, flowers and fruit of huacapú.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huacapu2.jpg — The leaves, flowers and fruit of huacapú.

## [huaccananay](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaccananay.md)

(n)
Melancholy as an illness. [DYE]

## [Huaca Wilka](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacawilka.md)

(n) To the Spanish, this was a demon who corrupted the
people of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md)
who would have otherwise believed in the one true Christian God. [MAN]
However, it seems to simply mean a local deity. (*See*,
 [huaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md)
and [wilka](https://incaglossary.com/w/wilka.md).)

## [Huaca el Dragon](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacaeldragon.md)

(n) A funerary compound northwest of Chan Chan; it bears well-preserved
Chimu (a pre-Incan civilization) images, including staff-bearing
figures and double-headed rainbow serpents. [MAN]
Also known as Huaca del Arco Iris (Span. for *rainbow*.”)
 [WILT]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-344.jpg

## [huaco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaco.md)

(n) The generic name given in Peru mostly to earthen vessels and other
finely made pottery artworks found in pre-columbian sites such as
burial locations, sanctuaries, temples and other ancient ruins. Huacos
are not mere earthenware but notable pottery specimens linked to
ceremonial, religious, artistic or aesthetic uses in central andean
pre-columbian civilizations. The word huaco derives from the term [huaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md). [WIKI]

## [huactacayani](https://incaglossary.com/h/huactacayani.md)

(n) The
loss of consciousness following cranial trauma. [DYE]

## [huachancana](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachancana.md)

(n) One of the euphorbia plants, also known as spurges (from Middle
English *espurge* meaning purgative). [WIKI]  A
root used as a purgative. Taken in the form of an infusion, the patient
would sit in warm sunlight until overcome by sickness and vertigo,
coupled with a tickling sensation all over his body. Soon a violent
evacuation from both ends occurred during which parasites or poisons
were gotten rid of. After a while the sickness wore off and the patient
felt himself to be bursting with rude health and extremely hungry. [ACA]

## [huacha-utek](https://incaglossary.com/h/huacha-utek.md)

(n) A
raving, dangerous madman. [DYE]

## [huachuma , wachuma, achuma, gigantón, huando hermoso, cardo, símora, cimorra](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma.md)

(n) Indigenous name of the San Pedro cactus *(trichocereus
peruvianis* or
*trichocereus pachanoi)* used
ceremonially as an [entheogenic](https://incaglossary.com/e/entheogenic.md).
The association with Saint Peter is interesting because he is the
keeper of the keys to heaven. [CSCR]
It is medicinal, a diuretic. It is utilized in general for cases of
healing and [witchcraft](https://incaglossary.com/w/witch.md). It is
used for both white and black magic, It is always recommended that
after taking huachuma one must follow a diet. It is always represented
with the saints, with the power of animals, of strong personages or
beings, or serious beings, of beings that have supernatural power. The
symbolism is to locate in all the regions of the territory the
elemental thought and potentiality of man. It cares for the house as if
it were a dog. In the night it appears to strangers who want to enter
as a man in white, wearing a hat. Or else it whistles with a peculiar
sound so that anyone who enters who is not of the household comes out
at top speed, like a bullet. [WOFW] Huachuma
was in use at the very beginning of Andean civilization;  it was
the *materia
prima* of the
shamans of that time. In Peru, the central Andes region, and
neighboring desert areas, the cactus has been used ritually for at
least two thousand years. No one knows precisely how an Indian sacred
plant received the name of a Catholic saint (Saint Peter). The cactus
probably was associated with rain cults and pagan rain gods. Since San
Pedro is the patron saint of rain, it seems likely that the cactus
obtained its name as a result (perhaps in an attempt to save it from
the pharmacratic Inquisition). In addition, Saint Peter is the keeper
of the keys to heaven. [EPP]  
There are huachumas of twelve, eight, seven, six, five and of four
ribs. One with four is very difficult to find, but he who finds a
four-ribbed huachuma can cure all sicknesses and maladies. Four-ribbed
huachuma is the mystical huachuma: it was used in time immemorial, and
is depicted in Mochica pictography, in the sculpture of [Chavin de Huántar](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chavindehuantar.md), in the
Sierra, and in the north coast region, where its application to curing
is essential up to the present. [WPH] It was
used extensively in several pan- Andean cultures' rituals. [ANON1]

---

**The
hallucinogenic San Pedro cactus is experienced as the catalyst that
enables the [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md)
to transcend the limitations placed on ordinary mortals: to activate
all his senses; to project his spirit,or soul; to ascend and descend
into the supernatural realms; to identify and do battle with the
sources of illness . . .  and misfortune; to  confront and
vanquish ferocious animals and demons of disease and sorcerers who
direct them; to “jump over” barriers of time, space and matter; to
divine the past, present and future -- in short, to attain *vision*,
to [see](https://incaglossary.com/s/seeing.md).** [WOFW]

---

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huachumaowl.jpg — shaman
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-354.jpg — A ceramic pot from the [Chimú culture](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/n#chimu) of Peru. The owl-faced female holding huachuma on this vessel is an herbalist and [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md). The owl is associated with these women. [BOA]

## [huachuma curanderismo](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma-curanderismo.md)

(n) A
form of [shamanic](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) practice,
primarily found along the Northern Coast of Peru, which is founded upon
and revolves around the ritual use of a consecrated healing altar and
the entheogenic use of plant spirit medicine (i.e., the San Pedro
cactus [*huachuma*, *see*,
above]. [PSPM] The entire
curing ceremony approximates the blooming cycle of the nocturnal
huachuma. [ETH] *See*, [curanderismo](https://incaglossary.com/c/curanderismo.md).

## [huachumero](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachumero.md)

(n) A San Pedro [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md). [BOA] (*See*, [huachuma](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-374.jpg

## [huaira](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaira.md)

*See*,
 [wayra](https://incaglossary.com/w/wayra.md).

## [huairacaspi](https://incaglossary.com/h/huairacaspi.md)

(*Cedrelinga
catenaeformis*) Also
called *el
tornillo*. It is
good for chronic diarrhea, hepatitis, arthritis, broken bones, and cold
in the body. As a teacher plant it is good for disorientation, and
sense of being lost. After drinking you need to take a shower as it
makes you sweat out all the toxins. [AWC] The [kapukiri](https://incaglossary.com/k/kapukiri.md) produced
by the huairacaspi is the most frightening form of the disease. The
person feels as if he is walking in slow motion, as if in the air. It
generates pain in the ears, and the skin turns grey, as if burned. It
acts quickly, and the persons dies after three to five days, with heavy
vomiting. [AYV]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huairaleaf.jpg — Leaves of huairacaspi. Trunks of huairacaspi marked for logging.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huairatrunk.jpg — Leaves of huairacaspi. Trunks of huairacaspi marked for logging.

## [huaira-cucha](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaira-cucha.md)

(n) According to the practice of the [vegetalistas](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md),
a huairo-cucha is a being from a distant galaxy with skin as white as
paper. Probably related to [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md),
a term used by some tribes to refer to white people. [AYV]
(*See*,
 [wayra](https://incaglossary.com/w/wayra.md).)

## [Huallallo Carhuincho](https://incaglossary.com/h/huallallocarhuincho.md)

(n) Principal god of the native peoples of the Huarochirí region.
 A fire-breathing, volcanic god, he is featured in pre-Incan
creation myths. Believed to be a cannibal, he decreed that couples
could only have two children, one of whom had to be sacrificed to him
for a meal. At the beginning of the [Huarochirí Manuscript](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarochirimanuscript.md),
he was challenged and defeated by [Pariacaca](https://incaglossary.com/p/pariacaca.md),
fleeing to the country to the north known as Antis ([Antisuyu](https://incaglossary.com/a/antisuyu.md)). [MAN]

## [Huaman Lipa](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaman-lipa.md)

(n) (1) Falcon that protects ceremonies, midnight falcon, visionary.
 (2) One of the sacred mountains. The mountain of the Q'ero.  [JLH]

## [Huana Cauri, Huanakawri](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanacauri.md)

(n) One of the sacred mountains, located near Quirirmanta.
It is from this place the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
ancestors first viewed the [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md)
Valley. [MAN]
The
cradle of the Inca state where the golden rod thrown by Manco Capac
sank effortlessly into the ground. Historic chroniclers say that the
first temple of the Inca Empire was located on the hill called
Huanacauri, in the Southern part of Cuzco. [CDN]
Leaving this place [[Tambo Toco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambotoco.md)]
they [[Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md) and
Mama Ocllo] came to a hill at a distance of two leagues, a little more
or less, from Cuzco. Ascending the hill they saw a rainbow, which the
natives call *huanacauri*.
Holding it to be a fortunate sign, Manco Ccapac said: "Take this for a
sign that the world will not be destroyed by water. (*See*,
 [Uñu Pachacuti](https://incaglossary.com/u/unupachacuti.md).)
We shall arrive and from hence we shall select where we shall found our
city." [HOI]

## [huanaco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanaco.md)

*See*, [guanaco](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guanaco.md).

## [huanarpo hembra](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanarpo-hembra.md)

*See*, *huanarpo
macho*, below.

## [huanarpo macho](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanarpo-macho.md)

Languages: sp

,
higos del duende (Span): (n) *Jatropha
macrantha*. The
natives assert that an infusion of the root of this milky plant is a
strong aphrodisiac. They also claim that an infusion of the huanarpo
hembra is its antidote. There is no difference between these two
plants, except that the former has red flowers, the latter white ones. [REPC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huanarpo1.jpg — Huanarpo macho, root (left) and flowers.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huanarpo2.jpg — Huanarpo macho, root (left) and flowers.

## [Huanaypata](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanaypata.md)

(n) Final stopping place of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
ancestors where the center of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md)
was established and [Ayar Auca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayarauca.md)
turned into a [huanca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanca.md).
 (*See*,
 [Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md)*.)*
 [MAN]

## [huanca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanca.md)

(n) (1) Golden staff, planted in ground. A vertical anchor to [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md)
in the form of a stone stele or rod. Column (stone); pillar. Statue.
(2) Rite of fertility, creation. (3) Sacred song. [RS]
(4) A type of [huaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md)
that was an especially large and prominent boulder believed to
incorporate the essence of ancestors of one or more local [ayllus](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayllu.md).
 [MAN]
Narrow, pointed stones placed in the center of a community or on a
nearby peak and recognized as the mentor of the tribe to which the
community belonged. Often these tribal guardians were grouped in divine
families that differed according to locality. The stones embodied the
spirits of the clan ancestors who protected the crops and the people
caring for them. [WOFW]   (*See*,
 [Señor de Huanca](https://incaglossary.com/s/senordehuanca.md).)

## [huancahui](https://incaglossary.com/h/huancahui.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) [Pronunciation variation of [Huana Cauri](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanacauri.md).] The laughing falcon (*Herpetotheres
cachinnans*).
This bird is a predator of snakes. It's [icaro](https://incaglossary.com/i/icaro.md)
is good for stunning a snake and defeating it, leaving its bite without
effect. [AYV]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/paint14.jpg

## [huando hermoso](https://incaglossary.com/h/huando-hermoso.md)

*See*, *huachuma*,
above.

## [huaní](https://incaglossary.com/h/huani.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) (1) A steel bow and a little crystal arrow which are kept
in the armpit. (2) A type of [sorcery](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcery.md)
performed with the huaní. The sorcerer puts the bow in his mouth and
blows the dart into his victim, which pierces him and then returns to
the armpit of the sorcerer. The victim will feel very tired and go to
sleep. When he wakes up he will begin to vomit blood until he dies. No [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md) can
cure this kind of sorcery. Only God can save the victim. [AYV]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/paint24.jpg — Huaní. Detail from a painting by vegetalista Pablo Amaringo from one of his ayahuasca visions.

## [huanti](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanti.md)

(n)
Syphilis, which left its marks on ancient Peruvian bones. The antiquity
of this disease in the New World and its possible incorporation from
America to Europe has originated a great scientific and literary
controversy. Most authors favor the American origin of this disease on
the theory that the spread to Europe was via the sailors who returned
with Columbus from La Hispaniola (Santo Domingo). However, there is
equally reliable data showing that this disease was present in Europe
before Columbus. Thus, we think that syphilis has been spread
throughout the world since time immemorial. What seems most probable is
that the sailors of Christopher Columbus brought with them to Europe a
special strain of spirochaeta (the microorganism causing syphilis)
which, tolerated by the Indians, was violently harmful to the white
race. They certainly imported a new disease, although it could be
argued that they did not import a new species of germ. [DYE]

---

**If it is true that Spain “civilized” America, this
latter certainly “syphilized” Spain.** [DYE]

---

## [huantuc](https://incaglossary.com/h/huantuc.md)

*See*, [brugmansia suaveolens](https://incaglossary.com/b/brugmansiasuaveolens.md).

## [huañukayani](https://incaglossary.com/h/huanukayani.md)

*See*, [ayarayani](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayarayani.md).

## [huaquero](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaquero.md)

(n) Looter of sacred site (sp). [CSCR]
A
person that digs in ancient pre-columbian ruins illegally in order to
get valuable pieces of artwork, usually destroying the structure (sp). [WIKI] (*See*, [huaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md).)

## [huarachicuy, huarachicu, waracikoy, huarachico](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarachicuy.md)

(n) Literally, *breeches
ceremony*.
A coming of age ritual at which the teenage male attained adulthood and
was given his permanent name. [ACA]
(*See*,
 [quicuchicuy](https://incaglossary.com/q/quicuchicuy.md).)
 [HOI]

Puberty rites for the boys were somewhat harsher [than for the girls].
The ceremony was called huarachicuy and was performed yearly with all
the boys of a given community during the great festival of [Qhapaq Raymi](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaq-raymi.md). Fasting,
athletic and war games, and a cruelly competitive race towards one of
the neighboring hilltops preceded the perforation of the earlobes (*see*, [orejones](https://incaglossary.com/o/orejones.md)) and the
imposing of the huaras (thus huara-chicuy), a special type of breech
cloth which was the symbol of adulthood. The puberty rites were an
occasion also for social mobility. It was the time when girls from the
lower classes were usually chosen by the authorities -- on the basis of
their beauty and gentleness -- to enlarge the numbers of the [akllas](https://incaglossary.com/a/aklla.md) who were
to be trained at the [akllawasi](https://incaglossary.com/a/akllawasi.md) and become
the wives and concubines of those whom the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) rulers
wanted to reward for their good behavior in the community. And the
huarachicuy gave also occasion for the selection of young men of great
physical prowess and endurance, as well as acute mental alertness and
courage so necessary for the leading classes. The son of a poor field
laborer of a region near [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md) who at the
huarachicuy took the name of [Rumiñahui](https://incaglossary.com/r/ruminahuia.md), later
became one of the most famous Inca generals. [DYE]The
huarachikuy served as a religious ceremony for the initiation of young
males from the [Tawantinsuyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md), when
priests would offer animal sacrifices to the gods. [GVO] *See*, also,
other important childhood rites: [ayuscay](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayuscay.md), [rutuchicuy](https://incaglossary.com/r/rutuchikuy.md), [quicuchicuy](https://incaglossary.com/q/quicuchicuy.md).

## [huara huara](https://incaglossary.com/h/huara-huara.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Star. [ASD]

## [Huari](https://incaglossary.com/h/huari.md)

(n) The principal deity of the
[Guari](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guari.md) [ayllu](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayllu.md)
of [Cajatambo](https://incaglossary.com/c/cajatambo.md).
 [MAN]
The word means *god of force* or *thick water*. A god named
Huari, one of the first giant-ancestors and founder of ancient
communities, was invoked by Indian shamans during curing rituals. [WOFW] Deity
associated with the underworld, with caves and darkness, with water,
and with fecundity. [GOL]

## [huarmay sonqo](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarmay-sonqo.md)

(adj)
Immature intellectually. [DYE]

## [huarmi](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarmi.md)

*See*,
 [warmi](https://incaglossary.com/w/warmi.md).

## [huarmi-yoco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarmiyoco.md)

(n)
 *Paullinia
yoco Schultes et Killip ex Schultesyoco*. Yoco is
undoubtedly the most curious caffeine-rich plant that people have bent
to their use. A forest liana of the westernmost Amazon, it is the only
species the bark of which is employed in the preparation of a stimulant
drink. The liana is the most important non-food plant in the life of
numerous tribes of Indians; when a local supply of the wild source is
exhausted, the natives find it necessary to abandon their home-site and
relocate in another area where the plant is found in greater abundance.
It appears that the liana is rarely or never cultivated, probably
because it is extremely slow growing. [EPP] It is used
as a daily morning stimulant. Indians never go on hunting expeditions
or journeys without taking a supply of pieces of the vine. A milky
latex that contains a very high level of caffeine flows through the
bark. Yoco bark is drunk only in the form of a cold-water extract. The
vine (epidermis, bark) is scraped, and the bark pieces and the
caffeine-rich latex yield a mass that is then pressed in cold water.
The effects are a powerful stimulation with tingling in the fingers. A
general sensation of well-being and clear wakefulness manifests within
a few minutes of consuming the drink. The appetite is profoundly and
persistently suppressed. Most yoco users drink two jicaras [a type of
gourd used as a drinking vessel] in the morning right after rising and
do not eat until the late afternoon. Yoco bark contains 2.730/0
caffeine. No other active constituents have been detected. The buds
have also been found to contain caffeine. [PTC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/yoco.png — Huarmi-yoco.

## [Huarochirí Manuscript](https://incaglossary.com/h/huarochirimanuscript.md)

(n) Post-conquest [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
document composed circa 1608 detailing pre-conquest religious belief
among the [hatun runa](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunruna.md)
in the Inca empire, most likely compiled along with the [Idolotrías](https://incaglossary.com/i/idolotrias.md)
at the instigation of Francisco de Avila, the Extirpator
of Idolatries.
 [MAN]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/paint34.jpg

## [huasi-ukulluco](https://incaglossary.com/h/huasi-ukulluco.md)

(n)
The little house lizard, a [mariri](https://incaglossary.com/m/mariri.md) used in
 [marupa](https://incaglossary.com/m/marupa.md) sorcery as well as by
healers to convey messages. [AYV]
(*See*,
 [wasi](https://incaglossary.com/w/wasi.md).)

## [huasca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huasca.md)

,
waska: (n) (1) Luminous fiber extending from the luminous body
connecting it to nature. (*See*,
definition and image at [ceke](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md).)
(2) Rope;
whip; cord. [RS]

## [Huascar](https://incaglossary.com/h/huascar.md)

*See*,
 [Wascar](https://incaglossary.com/w/wascar.md).

## [Huascarán](https://incaglossary.com/h/huascaran.md)

(n) The name of Peru's tallest mountain at 22,205 feet (6768 meters).
Respecting the origin of its name, more than one theory exist: In the
map of Ancash made by the explorer Antonio Raimondi (1873), the
mountain appears with the name Huascán, which would mean *attractive*
or *tempting*.
Raimondi also sustains that near the mountain existed a ranch called
Hacienda Huascarán, though he doesn't state if the place was baptized
following the mountain's name or vice-versa. Others attribute the
origin of the name to the Inca Huascar [[Waskar](https://incaglossary.com/w/wascar.md)].
 [WAH]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-384.jpg

## [huata](https://incaglossary.com/h/huata.md)

(n) Year. [AEAA]

## [huatanruna](https://incaglossary.com/h/huatanruna.md)

(n) Literally, *people
that tie*.
Snake people who spiritually dismember the [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md). [AYV] (*See*,
 [dismemberment](https://incaglossary.com/d/dismemberment.md) for an
image)

## [huauque](https://incaglossary.com/h/huauque.md)

*See*, [wayqi](https://incaglossary.com/w/wayqi.md).

## [huayabo](https://incaglossary.com/h/huayabo.md)

, guayabo,
sahuintu, guava: (n) *Psidium
guajava*.  In
Peru, it was already in cultivation by the eighth century B.C.E. In
many traditional medicine systems, the leaves are used as an analgesic,
a neuroleptic, and an agent for treating diarrhea (including that
caused by cholera). However, folk medical knowledge of the beneficial
effects of the leaves as a diarrhea medicine (which have been
pharmacologically confirmed) is not as widespread as one might assume.
In Belize, a tea made from the leaves is gargled to treat mouth sores
and bleeding gums. A decoction of nine leaves and nine young fruits
(boiled for twenty minutes) is drunk three times daily before meals in
cases of diarrhea, dysentery, upset stomach, and colds. In South
America, teas made from the leaves are drunk to treat digestive
disorders. In Chile and Peru, the leaves are chewed to strengthen the
teeth. In Panama, the leaves are chewed for toothaches. The Fang of
central Africa use the leaves to make an anthelmintic juice. In Samoa,
the leaves are used as a cough medicine and as an antidote for all
types of poisonings. Animal experiments using a leaf extract
demonstrated a distinct morphinelike effect as a result of inhibition
of acetylcholine release; this effect was likely produced by the
quercetin contained in the leaves. The active constituent does not
appear to bind to the opioid receptors and is not addictive. Toxic
effects and overdoses are unknown. A hot-water extract of dried leaves
has antibacterial effects upon *Sarcina lutea*, *Staphylococcus
aureus*, and *Mycobacterium phlei*. An aqueous extract of the
fresh leaves has fungicidal effects. Guava leaves are sometimes found
as ingredients in tea mixtures (stomach teas) sold in pharmacies. [PTC] The leaves
and fruit possess styptic properties. Some people chew the leaves to
comfort and strengthen the teeth. [REPC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/guava.png — The huayabo [apple guava], flower, leaves, fruit.

## [Huaya, Manuel](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaya.md)

The
commander of the [Aceropunta](https://incaglossary.com/a/aceropunta.md).
He was a great [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md)
with dominion over the [yaku-lancha](https://incaglossary.com/y/yaku-lancha.md),
 [yakuruna](https://incaglossary.com/y/yakuruna.md),
 [mermaids](https://incaglossary.com/m/mermaid.md)
and other subaquatic beings. Living about 350 years ago, he was either
Shipibo or Piro. He wears different clothes depending on the person who
invokes him. [AYV]

## [Huayna Capac, Wayna Capac](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaynacapac.md)

(n) The 12th [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
emperor who ruled from 1493-1526. He died suddenly from smallpox along
with his heir apparent, [Ninán Cuyúnchic](https://incaglossary.com/n/ninancuyunchic.md), leaving the country to face a ruinous civil war between
his remaining sons, [Atahualpa](https://incaglossary.com/a/atahualpa.md)
and [Wascar](https://incaglossary.com/w/wascar.md),
that left the empire weakened and open to the Spanish conquest. [MAN]
Other accounts give the history as Huayna Capac survived and divided
the empire between Wascar and Atahualpa.  [FAE]
Omens of doom started circulating throughout the empire. The [Sapa Inca's](https://incaglossary.com/s/sapainca.md)
wise men prophesied evil because an eagle fell out of the sky and died
after being attacked by buzzards during the Feast of the Sun. [PBS]
Huayna Capac died at Quito at the age of 80 years. He left more than 50
sons. He succeeded [to the throne] at the age of 20, and reigned 60
years. He was valiant though cruel. [HOI]

---

This quotation illustrates how Huayna Capac foretold
the end of the Inca Empire: "Our father the Sun disclosed to us a long
time ago that we should be twelve Incas, his own sons, to reign on this
earth; and that then, new, hitherto unknown people would arrive; that
they would obtain victory and subject all our kingdoms to their Empire,
as well as many other lands. I think that the people who came recently
by sea to our own shores are the ones referred to. They are strong,
powerful men, who will outstrip you in everything. The reign of the
twelve Incas ends with me. I can therefore certify to you that these
people will return shortly after I have left you, and that they will
accomplish what our father the Sun predicted; they will conquer our
Empire, and they will become its only lords. . . . Dwell in peace; my
father the Sun is calling me, I shall go now to rest at his side." *(from
Garcilaso de la Vega)* [DYE]

---

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/paint54.jpg

## [huayño](https://incaglossary.com/h/huayno.md)

(n) Very
high traditional song. [WBT]
The huayño originates mainly in the area round southern Peru and
northwestern Bolivia. [WDPO]

## [huayruru](https://incaglossary.com/h/huayruru.md)

(n) *See*,
 [wayruru](https://incaglossary.com/w/wayruru.md).
 [ROR]

## [huayusa](https://incaglossary.com/h/huayusa.md)

*See*,
 [guayusa](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guayusa.md).

## [huccuc-uncuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/huccuc-uncuy.md)

*See*, [uta](https://incaglossary.com/u/uta.md).

## [hucha, jucha, hoocha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hucha.md)

(n) (1) Heavy, dense, black energy.  [KOAK]
[AVO] Heavy or dense energy generated by resistance to life in
the form of stress-related attachments. Resistance is typically
fear-based. Its energy constricts. Fear hinders the natural flow of
energy through the [luminous body](https://incaglossary.com/l/luminousbody.md). When this
occurs, hucha accumulates. Often mislabeled as bad or negative energy,
hucha only becomes troublesome when experienced in overabundance
Released hucha becomes food for [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md), who then
composts it and turns it into food that sustains life. Hucha is thus
important to humanity. [PSPM] (2) In
common usage, it means guilt; fault; sin; crime. [RS]
Hucha
means sin, business (or affair) or plea; hucha is *sin*
only when preceded by a noun in the genitive case, such as *runaphuchan*
(a man's sin).  When referring to gods or kings, it can only mean
business, not in the sense of commerce but in the sense of affairs and
secrets. [SIMA]
Heavy energy. Mistranslated by the Spanish as *sin*.
 [QNO]
 (*See*,
 [sami](https://incaglossary.com/s/sami.md), [qhapaq hucha](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaqhucha.md).)

## [huchachay](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchachay.md)

(v) To accuse, to make guilty. [PSL]

## [huchallikuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchallikuy.md)

(v) To sin, literally, to carry sin. [PSL]

## [hucha mikhushanqu](https://incaglossary.com/h/hucha-mikhushanqu.md)

(exp)
Possible translation, *eat
a meal of hucha*. Sanku =
meal. [PGO]  *See*, *hucha
mikhuy*, below.

## [hucha mikhuy](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchamikhuy.md)

(n) The eating and digestion of heavy energy with the
spiritual stomach; this is the central spiritual practice of the Andean
priest. [*See*, [paq'o](https://incaglossary.com/p/paqo.md).] [RS]
The act of eating and digesting hucha with the spiritual --  or
energetic -- stomach, one's [qosqo](https://incaglossary.com/q/qosqo.md), a
technique central to Andean [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md)-priests'
healing practices. [ANON1] *Compare*, [mikhushanqu](https://incaglossary.com/m/mikhushanqu.md).

## [huchasapa](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchasapa.md)

(adj) Guilty. [PSL]

## [huchata pampachay](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchata-pampachay.md)

(v) To forgive sin. [PSL]

## [huchayuq](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchayuq.md)

(n) Sinner; guilty one. [PSL]

## [huch'uy](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchuy.md)

(adj) Small; short; low; little. [RS]

## [huch'uy cruz](https://incaglossary.com/h/huchuycruz.md)

, hatun
chakana: (n) The Andean cross; literally, *little
cross*. (sp). [PSPM]*See*, *hatun
chakana*, above.

## [huicungo](https://incaglossary.com/h/huicungo.md)

(n)
 *Astrocaryum
vulgare.* The
spines of this palm are the favorite and most potent darts shot into
the human body by malevolent spirits to cause sickness and misfortune. [AYV]
*See*,
 [virote](https://incaglossary.com/v/virote.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-394.jpg

## [huighan](https://incaglossary.com/h/huighan.md)

, huighnan,
huigen: (n) *Schinus
polygamus*. Also
known as the Chilean pepper tree. The trunk exudes a resin which,
applied to the temples and behind the ears, lessens toothache and pains
in the chest. Chileans prepare from the fruit an excellent [chicha](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chicha.md) with
diuretic properties which is thought to be effective against dropsy
[old term for edema]. Even though the drink is not agreeable, the
Indians take it at all meals. Its taste and smell suggest black pepper.
 [REPC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huighan.jpg — Leaves and berries of huighan.

## [huilca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huilca.md)

huillca,
huilco: *See*, [wilka](https://incaglossary.com/w/wilka.md).

## [huinioch rumi](https://incaglossary.com/h/huinioch-rumi.md)

(n) Growing rock, refers to the living energy and changing nature of
rock. [QNO]

## [huiririma](https://incaglossary.com/h/huiririma.md)

(n) *Astrocaryum
jauari*,
a jungle plant used to create [virotes](https://incaglossary.com/v/virote.md).
 [EMM]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/huiririma.jpg — Huiririma spines.

## [Huitaca](https://incaglossary.com/h/huitaca.md)

*See*,
 [Chia](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chia.md).

## [huito](https://incaglossary.com/h/huito.md)

(n) (*Genipa
americana*)
Medicinal fruit which is a curative of respiratory diseases. [THIM]
Used as a cosmetic by jungle tribes, it is also a potent insect
repellent. [DYE] (*See*,
 [caballo piripiri](https://incaglossary.com/c/caballopiripiri.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/H_files/droppedImage-413.jpg

## [huizo oni](https://incaglossary.com/h/huizooni.md)

Languages: Panoan

(n) [Ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md)
dark in color, one of three kinds of ayahuasca distinguished by the
Shipibo according to color. [AYV]
(*See*,
 [oni](https://incaglossary.com/o/oni.md).)

## [huk k'ata kay](https://incaglossary.com/h/huk-kata-kay.md)

(n) Literally, *being
only one*.
Unity. [WODO]

## [humihua](https://incaglossary.com/h/humihua.md)

(n) A narrow-necked container for water used in ceremony.  [SAI]

## [hunguráhui](https://incaglossary.com/h/hungurahui.md)

(n) An oil distilled from the fruit of a palm tree of the same name
which is said to grow hair on bald heads. [THIM]

## [hup'a](https://incaglossary.com/h/hupa.md)

(adj) Deaf. [QP]

## [huqnirayay](https://incaglossary.com/h/huqnirayay.md)

(v) To change into something, to become. [QP]

## [hurin](https://incaglossary.com/h/hurin.md)

(n) Space in which space/time come together and life happens;
relationship of horizontality with cekes. [JLH]
(adj)
Lower; inferior. (adv) Below; down; south. [RS] (*See*,
 [hanan](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanan.md).)

## [Hurin Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/h/hurin-cusco.md)

*See*,
 [Hanan and Hurin Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/h/hananandhurincusco.md).

## [Hurin Pacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hurin-pacha.md)

(n) A
rarely referred to but existing notion of a *lower*
 world, as
opposed to the more common [Ukhupacha](https://incaglossary.com/u/ukhupacha.md); it should
be noted that this concept is quite unusual in Andean cosmology. [ANON1]

## Sources

- **ACA**: *Ancient Civilizations of the Andes*, Means
- **ACAI**: The Andean Codex, J.E. Williams
- **ACES**: *At the Crossroads of Earth and Sky*, Urton
- **AEAA**: *Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes*, Bauer and Dearborn
- **ANON1**: anonymous donor 1. Click * for explanation.
- **ASD**: *Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara*
- **AVO**: my notes from Alberto Villoldo, various writings and lectures
- **AWC**: ayahuaska.wordpress.com/
- **AYV**: *Ayahuasca Visions,* Luna
- **BOA**: www.biopark.org
- **CDN**: www.cusco.net
- **CEES**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **CSCR**: *Cut Stones and Crossroads*, Wright
- **DYE**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **EFD**: encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com
- **EMM**: www.ayahuasca-shamanism.co.uk/
- **EOG**: *Encyclopedia of the Gods,* Jordan
- **EOTI**: *Empire of the Inca*, Brundage
- **EPP**: *Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants*, Rätsch
- **ETH**: Eduardo the Healer, DVD
- **FAE**: www.fuerzasarmadasecuador.org/english/historia/reinoquitoatahualpa.htm
- **GM**: www.gaiameditations.com
- **GOL**: *The Gift of Life*, Glass-Coffin.
- **GVO**: globalvoicesonline.org/2012/01/16/peru-capac-raymi-the-andean-christmas/
- **HOI**: *History of the Incas,* Sarmiento de Gamboa
- **IAWS**: *Mythology, Illustrated Anthology of World Myth & Storytelling*
- **IEBJ**: *Initiation*, Jenkins
- **IGMP**: *Andean Awakening*, Delgado
- **JLH**: Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures
- **JNP**: Juan Nunez del Prado
- **KOAK**: *Keepers of the Ancient knowledge*, Wilcox
- **MAN**: *Mythology of the American Nations*, Jones and Molyneaux
- **MHP**: Rios, *The Master Healer in Peru*, www.onirogenia.com/chamanismos/el-maestro-curandero-en-el-peru-historia-medicina-y-magia/
- **NND**: www.netnaturdoktoren.dk/ordbog.htm
- **PBS**: www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/peru/adventure1/b2.htm
- **PGO**: Patt Grantham O’Neill, personal definitions I write when I cannot find a good one elsewhere.
- **PSL**: www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm  Bolivian Quechua
- **PSPM**: *Pachakuti Mesa*, Magee
- **PTC**: psychotropia.co
- **QNO**: www.quechuanetwork.org
- **QP**: *Quechua Phrasebook* , Coronel-Molina
- **REPC**: *Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, *Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]
- **RFD**: rainforest-database.com
- **ROR**: *Rituals of Respect*, Bolin
- **RS**: runasimi.de
- **SAI**: *Secrets of the Ancient Incas*, Langevin
- **SEES**: Crowell's Spanish-English and English-Spanish Dictionary
- **SIH**: *The Shape of Inca History*, Niles
- **SIMA**: *The Secret of the Incas: Myth, Astronomy, and the War Against Time, *Sullivan
- **SVI**: *The Sacred Valley of the Incas: Myths and Symbols*, Elorrieta Salazar
- **THIM**: *The Three Halves of Ino Moxo*
- **THLH**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **TKI**: *Talking Knots of the Inka*, Domenici
- **TLD**: *Tri-Lingual Dictionary*, Hornberger
- **WAH**: www.andeshandbook.cl
- **WAWC**: www.accuweather.com
- **WBT**: www.bolivia-travels.com/potosi-sucre-tarabuco/tinku.htm
- **WCH**: www.crystal-healing.com
- **WDPO**: www.discpro.org/andean
- **WEA**: www2.essex.ac.uk/arthistory/arara/issue_five/paper4.html
- **WIKI**: en.wikipedia.org (no www)
- **WIKID**: en.wiktionary.org
- **WILT**: www.ilatintravel.com
- **WODO**: www.websters-online-dictionary.org
- **WOFW**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **WPH**: Eduardo el Curandero, Calderón
- **WPMC**: pacomarca.com/mitos_leyendas_en.htm
- **WXC**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.