# Ll — Inca Glossary

> From the Inca Glossary by Patt O'Neill (© 2007, 2008, 2014).
> Web page: https://incaglossary.com/ll
> 50 terms. Each term heading links to that term's own Markdown file.

## [llacssactam](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llacssactam.md)

(n)
Unpleasant visual hallucinations. [DYE]

## [Llacuaz](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llacuaz.md)

One of
the legendary lineage [ayllus](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayllu.md) of
Cajatambo. They conquered the Guari ayllu and shared ritual beliefs. [MAN] The
Wari people (who lived in coastal Peru), venerators of earthly deities,
are associated with fertility and the generative forces of the female
earth. People who were relative newcomers were known as *Llacuaz*,
and believed that their ancestor was the Lightning deity in the sky [[Koa](https://incaglossary.com/k/koa.md)] who had come from [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md), a place that symbolized
the end of the world. Thus, the Llacuaz were considered outsiders. This
gender distinction continued into the colonial era, with foreigners or
outsiders adopting male Christian saints as their ancestors while the
original inhabitants venerated female saints. [HIM]  [In
coastal Peru the word now means] *outsider*, *invader*; or
a class of deities associated with the upper world. [GOL]

## [llahta runa](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llahta-runa.md)

(n)
A title given to representatives from the highlands and lowlands, who
perform roles at the mountain rituals. [MOC]

## [llakikuy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llakikuy.md)

(v) To feel bad. (adj) Melancholy. (n) Depression. [PSL]

## [llakllay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llakllay.md)

(v) To sense, to feel. [QP]

## [llallawa](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llallawa.md)

(n) (1) Deity of the seed in the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
times. (2) Two or more grown from one (corn, banana). [RS]

## [llama](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llama.md)

(n)
(1) A domesticated [guanaco](https://incaglossary.com/fg/guanaco.md). One of
the species of camelids that are domesticated in the Andes, the [alpaca](https://incaglossary.com/a/alpaca.md) and [vicuña](https://incaglossary.com/v/vicuna.md)
being the others, although some consider the alpaca and llama to be the
same species. Of these, the llama was the most prized by the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
for their wool, used to make the luxury textiles needed for religious
rites; they also played a role in the complex procedure of offering
gifts to the elite of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md).
The Inca himself consumed on a large scale exquisite textiles made of
their wool. He seldom wore a garment more than once and would change
clothing several times a day; his litter was also covered with the
finest material. Many of the special garments reserved for the emperor
and his family were woven in the temples by the [akllas](https://incaglossary.com/a/aklla.md).
 [AKP]
(2) It also served in Inca religion as a major sacrificial offering,
white llamas being the preferred victims of the sun. Each morning in
Cusco one llama was sacrificed by cutting its throat, while keeping its
head turned towards the sun, to which it was being offered. The animal
was then burned in a special brazier. [AKP]
During the [Inti Raymi](https://incaglossary.com/i/intiraymi.md),
there was a compulsory participation of priests in the ceremony of
augury by sacrificing a llama. The [Wirapiricuq](https://incaglossary.com/w/wirapiricuq.md),
the one that took the guts of the animal; the one called [Kallpa](https://incaglossary.com/c/calpa.md) Rikuq, shepherd of the sacrificial
llamas; the [Turpuntay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarpuntaes.md), or priest in
charge of the cutting with the sacred knife called [tumi](https://incaglossary.com/t/tumi.md); and the [Willaq Umu](https://incaglossary.com/w/willaqumu.md) in charge of the forecast or prediction observing the viscera
of the llama, the one who told the Inca the good or bad news. [UNK] (*See*, [raymiyahuar](https://incaglossary.com/r/raymiyahuar.md).) (3) The llama is the
symbol of love and service. In a [despacho](https://incaglossary.com/d/despacho.md),
the llama fetus is charged with carrying the intentions or message into
another reality. [IGMP] (4) One of
the [yana phuyu](https://incaglossary.com/y/yana-phuyu.md). Its
bright eye is the stars Alpha and Beta Centauri (*see*, image 1
at [Southern Cross](https://incaglossary.com/s/southerncross.md)). Also
known as the *Flying
Llama* because in
the rainy season she flies to the sea to drink the water and then
returns and releases the water to fall to the earth as rain to nourish
the crops. [IGMP]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/droppedImage-162.jpg

## [llamar mareación](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamar-mareacion.md)

Languages: Span

(v) To call forth visions with an [icaro](https://incaglossary.com/i/icaro.md).
 [AYV]

## [llamando](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamando.md)

Languages: Span

(n) From *llamar*, to call.
The act of calling in, invoking, or asking for visitation. [PSPM]

## [llamapañawi](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamapanawi.md)

pica-pica:
(n) Literally, *eye
of llama*.  *Mucuna
elliptica*. The seeds
are believed to be antidotal to the stings of small insects. They are
taken in the form of a powder in two doses, and the powder is dusted
over the bites of the toxic animal. [REPC] Seeds
ground into powder and applied to insect and reptile bites, may be
drunk as antidote. [EPA] In some
places the name is *picapica*, on
account of the little bristles which, entering the skin, cause pain or
inconvenience; several persons assured us that these taken with
chocolate-milk or honey and water are an excellent anthelmintic. [FOP]

## [llamaq ñawin](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamaq-nawin.md)

(n) The *eyes
of the llama*; a constellation consisting of two stars in a
llama-shaped dark-space constellation directly next to the [Hatun Chakana](https://incaglossary.com/h/hatunchakana.md) (the Southern Cross, the
entry point of consciousness into this world), reminding us that we
came into the world to be of loving service and that we will leave this
world to be of service to Creator. [ANON1] Two
first-magnitude stars, called alpha Centauri and Hadar in Western
astronomy. At the time of the Conquest, the natives of Huarochiri
described this magnificent object to chronicler Avila: *They
say that Yacana, as we call it, is like the shadow of a llama, a double
of this animal which walks down the center of the sky, as it were a
darkness in the sky. That's how we men see it coming, yes, dark. They
say this Yacana (when it reaches the earth) walks beneath the rivers.
It is very large indeed, blacker than the night sky , it advances, with
its long neck and two eyes, it comes.* [SIMA]  *See*, also, [Yana Phuyu](https://incaglossary.com/y/yana-phuyu.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/llamaqnawin.jpg — Llamaq ñawin (arrow above) [SIMA]

## [llamiy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamiy.md)

(v) To feel (by sense of touch). [QP]

## [llama untu](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llama-untu.md)

(n) [Llama](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llama.md) fat sold by llama herders. [PSL]
(*See*,
 [napa](https://incaglossary.com/n/napa.md).)

## [llamk'ay, llamkay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llamkay.md)

*See*, [llank'ay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llankay.md). [PSL]

## [llamp'u](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llampu.md)

(adj) Soft. [QP]
(n) It is reported that some Andean practitioners use three stones call
llamp'us that are used in preparing infusions for patients. [WOFW]

## [llamp'u sonqo](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llampu-sonqo.md)

(adj) Soft hearted, humble. [PSL]

## [llank'ay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llankay.md)

, llankay,
llancay, llancai, llamk'ay, llamkay: (n) (1) Work, labor,
industriousness. [RS]It is power
of action and labor. One of the [Three Inca Laws](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeincalaws.md). It is the law of service, work, and creative expression
of your individual gifts. [IGMP]
Meeting one's survival needs in order to continue with the spiritual
pursuits of life. [PSPM] (2) The
power of the body, the power of physical work. [RS] The power
of sacred industriousness, of our capacity to act and work in a sacred
manner in physical reality; mastery of/in the physical realm. [ANON1]
(3) The lower [energy center](https://incaglossary.com/e/energycenter.md) located
at the navel, comprised of [chakras](https://incaglossary.com/c/chakra.md) one, two
and three. [JLH]
The lowest energy center, the [qosqo](https://incaglossary.com/q/qosqo.md).
 [IGMP]
(*See*, [munay](https://incaglossary.com/m/munay.md), [yachay](https://incaglossary.com/y/yachay.md).)

## [llant'a](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llanta.md)

(n) Firewood. [PSL]

## [llapanku](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llapanku.md)

(n) Everyone. [QP]

## [llaqta, llaqtu](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llaqta.md)

(n) Village, town, city; sometimes can mean “fatherland” or
birthplace. [ANON1]

## [llaqta apu](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llaqtaapu.md)

(n) This is a medium-sized tutelary mountain spirit related with the
second level of the Andean spiritual path. [QNO]
The sacred mountains of many villages. *Llaqta* means city
or town, thus a llaqta apu influences a geographical area that
encompasses a group of villages. Pachatusan and Huanacauri are
examples. [PSPM] A medium
sized tutelary Apu; a *city* Apu, or the Apu protector of a
specific town, city, or small region.This designation is not meant to
limit an Apu's perceived power, rather, to specify one's relationship
with the Apu. [ANON1]  *See*, [ayllu apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/aylluapu.md) and [suyu apu](https://incaglossary.com/s/suyuapu.md). (*See*,
 [apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/apu.md).)

## [llaqta camayoc](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llaqta-camayoc.md)

(n)
A village official. [ACE]

## [llasa](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llasa.md)

(adj) Heavy. (n) Weight. [QP]

## [llautu, llawtu](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llautu.md)

(n) Headband. A scarlet headband was the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
symbol of royalty. (*See*, second
image at [Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md).) [IAWS] Crown;
wreath, corona. [RS] (*See*, [accorasi](https://incaglossary.com/a/accorasi.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/llautu.jpg — The llautu on this ceremonial doll is the blue band below the feathers. The color of the llautu and the [orejones](https://incaglossary.com/o/orejones.md) show the doll represents a high-ranking Inca official. [MAAM]

## [llawar](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llawar.md)

*See*, [yahuar](https://incaglossary.com/y/yahuar.md).

## [lliklla](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliklla.md)

(n)
(1) Cloth; equivalent of the Spanish *manta*; a cloth used to
bundle and carry [medicine](https://incaglossary.com/m/medicine.md) pieces, a
healer's mesa, and/or [despachos](https://incaglossary.com/d/despacho.md). [ANON1] A small
rectangular cloth woven from alpaca and used to wrap the [paq'o's](https://incaglossary.com/p/paqo.md) collection of [power objects](https://incaglossary.com/p/powerobject.md) (the [mesa](https://incaglossary.com/m/mesa.md)). [QNO]
(2) A rectangular, handwoven shoulder cloth. It is worn by Quechua
women of the Andes. Traditionally it is fastened at the front using a
decorated pin.
[WIKI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/manta.png — Women in the Bolivian altiplano wearing llikllas (def. 2). [WIKI]

## [llimpi](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llimpi.md)

(n) Color. [QP]

## [llimphu](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llimphu.md)

(adj) Clean; totally, completely; all. [PSL]
[Possibly from Sp. *limpia*.]

## [llimphuchay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llimphuchay.md)

(v) To make clean, to sanctify. [PSL]

## [llimphuyay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llimphuyay.md)

(v) To become clean. [PSL]

## [lliphipiy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliphipiy.md)

(v) To shine. [PSL]

## [llipht'a](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliphta.md)

(n) (1) Compressed ash
of certain plants chewed with [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md)
to release alkaloids. [ROR]Ash
of [quinoa](https://incaglossary.com/q/quinoa.md) and other plants that is then
mixed with coca leaves and chewed. [IGMP] A
condiment for coca; substance placed in the mouth when chewing coca
leaves; it causes the release of the alkaloids; made from vegetable ash
and lime. [RS] Often
called lime ash; a mixture of seeds, ashes from fires of specific
plants, and sometimes even crushed shells; when mixed with coca,
creates a chemical reaction that allows for greater absorption of the
alkaloids in the coca. [ANON1] (2) a lime
pouch to use with coca to release the inebriating alkaloids. [EPP]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/lliphta1.png — Mochica vase showing a man who is taking llipht'a with a stick. [DYE]
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/lliphta2.jpg — A pouch of coca of the Tiwanako-Huari culture, and a piece of llipht'a. [DYE]

> **Editorial note**
>
> **[At
> the market,] coca leaves come in compressed bundles about the size of a
> small papaya, tightly wrapped in muslin, or are sold loose by weight. A
> pinch of limestone or a sticky black paste made from the ash of quinoa
> mixed with tree bark is often combined the leaves for chewing to
> provide a chemical catalyst that makes the active alkaloids in the
> leaves available for absorption by the body. Mama coca is alive and
> powerful. It's the ideal offering for the Apus. The paste and leaves
> together are [yanantin](https://incaglossary.com/y/yanantin.md), a sacred pair.** [ACAI]

## [Llipian Hatun Warmi](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llipian-hatun-warmi.md)

(n) Literally, *big,
brilliant woman*.
Great fairies that defend the [Aceropunta](https://incaglossary.com/a/aceropunta.md)
from outer space. [AYV]

## [lliqta](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliqta.md)

(n) (*See*, [llipht'a](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliphta.md).)

## [lliqhuy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lliqhuy.md)

(v) To
glance. [RS] (n) The
art of seeing or mapping, of putting out luminous markers (re. mapping
your seeing states; *see*, [Appendix I](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/i).) [AVO]

## [lloke, lloq'e, lloque, lluq'i](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloke.md)

(adv) Left (opp. of right). [RS] (adj) Relatively sinister or powerfully lunar. [PSPM] (n) The left, or feminine side, associated with the
magical, eros (vs. mystical). Both sides must be integrated in order to
push the [kawsay](https://incaglossary.com/k/kawsay.md). [KOAK]Left-hand
side of the path. Relates to the magical knowledge or application of
spiritual knowledge in the physical world. Healing, magic, therapy,
remedies, all are considered gifts of the left-hand side of the path.
The complement is paña, or right–hand knowledge. [QNO]By
balancing your own lloque and paña energies, and following the pathway
of your power, you can go through any obstacle, even physical walls. [IGMP] In
relation to the [curandero mesa](https://incaglossary.com/c/curanderomesa.md),
the left side is not evil or bad, it simply contains the energy that is
used to neutralize acts of [daño](https://incaglossary.com/d/dano.md), or
negative events that have already taken place in the life of the person
seeking healing. The left field of the mesa is not only used to discern
the source of the problem, it can be used in defense to counteract the
problem or to return it to its place of origin. [PSPM] The
left-hand side of the [shamanic](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) path,
sometimes understood to be sinister or overwhelmingly lunar in nature;
this path is not perceived as evil or negative, but contains energy or
medicine used to neutralize or counteract evil presence, witchcraft,
and illness of harm; the lloq'e also relates to past events that need
to be healed in the present and relates to magical knowledge and
practices, or application and manifestation of spiritual knowledge in
the physical world; the path of the magician or [sorcerer](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcerer.md); various forms of healing, magic,
therapy, and remedies are all considered gifts of this left-hand side
of the path; the complement is paña, or right–hand knowledge. [ANON1] (*See*,
 [paña](https://incaglossary.com/p/pana-2.md)
and [chawpi](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chawpi.md).)

## [lloq'e nacuy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloqe-nacuy.md)

Described as "getting rid of bad [witchcraft](https://incaglossary.com/witch)"
by the indigenous people. In the west, Américo [Yabar] tells us, it is
equivalent to getting rid of our neuroses and depression. The magic of
lloq'e nacuy uses threads to represent filaments of light. The healer's
work is to connect a person's filaments with the light of the stars ([hanaqpacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha.md)).
As filaments of a person's heavy energy -- pain, sadness, depression,
envy -- are cut away, the filaments  of her etheric body and those
of [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md)
rise up and mingle with the filaments of the stars, creating feelings
of being cleansed, energized, peaceful, filled, and rejuvenated. [MBE]

## [llonqhetaku](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llonqhetaku.md)

(n) Pigment obtained from red earth used to mark the fur of animals in
a ceremony. [ROR]

## [lloqsi, lluqsiy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloqsi.md)

Languages: v.imp.

Come out! Release! Escape! [RS]
[JLH]
Used
in the imperative form, becomes a powerful, commanding mantra to expel [hucha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hucha.md) and the
influence of lower-vibrational entities; can also be used as a
prayerful command for a spirit presence to come out and be seen, such
as in the classic Cusco hymn *Inti Raymi* which states “Lloqsiy,
Intillay” (come out, dear Inti). [ANON1] (v) To
depart, go away. [QP]
To
rise; to come out. [RS]

## [lloque](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloque.md)

,
llocke, lloq'e**.**: (n) *Kageneckia
lanceolata.*
The bark
and leaves are bitter and are employed in infusion for treating fevers.
 [REPC] This plant
also has antimalarial qualities. [WIKI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/kageneckia.jpg — Kageneckia lanceolata.

## [lloquesca](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloquesca.md)

(n) A cure.

## [Lloque Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lloqueyupanqui.md)

(n) The name of the legendary third [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
ruler in [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md), probably sometime in the
12th Century. [MAN]
"The glorified lefthander." [WIKI]  He,
was not warlike and added no lands to the Inca domain.
[WBC]

---

**He
suffered from some sort of endocrine disturbance which prevented him
from siring the heir. “He never cared for women and was totally
beardless until he was quite old,” according to the chronicles, “and he
must have considered his hairlessness as something unbecoming, since he
ordered that all noblemen should have their beards plucked out so that
they were as hairless as he….”

Lloque Yupanqui was very depressed because there was no heir to the
throne and [Inti](https://incaglossary.com/i/inti.md)
appeared in the form of a person and consoled him by saying: “Do not

be sad, Lloque Yupanqui, you will sire a great lord” and continued
saying that

he could be certain that he would have a male heir, even though he was
too old and had no sons and never expected to have one. Upon hearing
this, his

relatives decided to provide him with a wife. His brother, Manco
Sacapa,

aware of his condition, searched for a woman** *adaptable
to the

circumstances***.
Mama Cava gave birth only three months after being

sired by Lloque Yupanqui. His name was [Mayta Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/maytacapac.md).** [DYE]

---

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/paint362.jpg

## [llparatha](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llparatha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) Open the ears (to listen). [ASD]

## [llulo-jergón](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llulo-jergon.md)

(n) Literally, *the
tender [jergón](https://incaglossary.com/j/jergon.md)*,
a [mariri](https://incaglossary.com/m/mariri.md) used in [marupa](https://incaglossary.com/m/marupa.md)
sorcery as well as by healers to convey messages. [AYV]

## [Llullaillaco](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llullaillaco.md)

(n) An [apu](https://incaglossary.com/a/apu.md) in
Argentina where three children, [qhapaq hucha](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaqhucha.md) sacrifices, were discovered and excavated, along with many
artifacts. The site is estimated to be 500 years old. [WP2] The three
Inca children found mummified consumed increasing amounts of [coca](https://incaglossary.com/c/coca.md) and [corn beer](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chicha.md) for up to a year before they
were sacrificed. Sedation by the drugs and alcohol combined with the
frigid, high-altitude setting may explain how the children were killed.
There is no evidence for direct violence. The coca and alcohol
consumption rose about six months before death and then skyrocketed in
the final weeks, especially for the eldest, a 13-year-old girl known as
the "Ice Maiden" [image below]. She was probably heavily sedated by the
point at which she succumbed to death. The finding is based on detailed
analyses of hair taken from the more than 500-year-old mummified
remains, which also include a four-year-old girl and a five-year-old
boy. The boy and girl were perhaps the maiden's attendants. The data
corroborate earlier research showing the children ate more meat and
corn in their final year. Taken together, the studies suggest the
peasant children were selected for the ritual sacrifice and lived a
high-status life until their death. [NGEO8] (*See*, [Ampato](https://incaglossary.com/a/ampato.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/icemaiden.png — The Ice Maiden, a mummy of a child sacrificed in a qhapaq hucha ritual on Llullaillaco volcano.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/iceboy.jpg — The Boy of Llullaillaco. From his elaborate clothing, scientists inferred that the 7-year-old was born to Incan nobility.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/Ll_files/lightninggirl.jpg — One of the mummified children was nicknamed lightning girl because she had been struck by lightning at some point after she was interred.

## [llumpaq](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llumpaq.md)

(adj) Pure, innocent. [QP]

## [llumpay sumaq](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llumpay-sumaq.md)

(adj) Wonderful [QP]

## [lluq'i](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lluqi.md)

*See*,
lloke. [QP]

## [lluqsiy](https://incaglossary.com/ll/lluqsiy.md)

*See*,
lloqsi.

## [llutasccañaui](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llutasccanaui.md)

(n) A
state of markedly blurred vision. [DYE]

## Sources

- **ACAI**: The Andean Codex, J.E. Williams
- **ACE**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **AKP**: The Ancient Kingdoms of Peru, Davies
- **ANON1**: anonymous donor 1. Click * for explanation.
- **ASD**: *Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara*
- **AVO**: my notes from Alberto Villoldo, various writings and lectures
- **AYV**: *Ayahuasca Visions,* Luna
- **DYE**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **EPA**: *Preliminary Ethnobotany of the Peruvian Amazon*, Bodley
- **EPP**: *Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants*, Rätsch
- **FOP**: *Flora of Peru*, MacBride
- **GOL**: *The Gift of Life*, Glass-Coffin.
- **HIM**: *Handbook of Inca Mythology*, Steele
- **IAWS**: *Mythology, Illustrated Anthology of World Myth & Storytelling*
- **IGMP**: *Andean Awakening*, Delgado
- **JLH**: Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures
- **KOAK**: *Keepers of the Ancient knowledge*, Wilcox
- **MAAM**: Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña, http://maam.org.ar/
- **MAN**: *Mythology of the American Nations*, Jones and Molyneaux
- **MBE**: home.earthlink.net/~megbeeler
- **MOC**: *Mountain of the Condor*, Bastien
- **NGEO8**: news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/07/130729-inca-mummy-maiden-sacrifice-coca-alcohol-drug-mountain-andes-children/
- **PSL**: www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm  Bolivian Quechua
- **PSPM**: *Pachakuti Mesa*, Magee
- **QNO**: www.quechuanetwork.org
- **QP**: *Quechua Phrasebook* , Coronel-Molina
- **REPC**: *Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, *Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]
- **ROR**: *Rituals of Respect*, Bolin
- **RS**: runasimi.de
- **SIMA**: *The Secret of the Incas: Myth, Astronomy, and the War Against Time, *Sullivan
- **UNK**: The original author's marker for an unknown / unattributed source.
- **WBC**: www.britannica.com
- **WIKI**: en.wikipedia.org (no www)
- **WOFW**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **WP2**: www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/april99/mummies07.htm