# T — Inca Glossary

> From the Inca Glossary by Patt O'Neill (© 2007, 2008, 2014).
> Web page: https://incaglossary.com/t
> 156 terms. Each term heading links to that term's own Markdown file.

## [tabaco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tabaco.md)

Languages: Span

(n) A mixture of liquid tobacco which is imbibed through the nostrils
by everyone present during the [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md)'s
 [ceremony](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/k) prior to the drinking
of the pure [San Pedro](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma.md) infusion. The
following ingredients are mixed: dried leaves of a black tobacco plant,
San Pedro juice, sugar, sweet-lime juice, [Tabu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tabu.md)
cologne, [kananga](https://incaglossary.com/k/kananga.md) water, [florida water](https://incaglossary.com/a/aguaflorida.md), and cane alcohol.
Tobacco gives the power to visualize and very rapid sight, mind and
imagination. It is taken through the nose because it is near certain
motor nerves transmit to the brain. Its power is more rapid. [WOFW] Tobacco
leaves macerated in cane alcohol. [GOL]

## [tabaquero](https://incaglossary.com/t/tabaquero.md)

Languages: Span

A type of [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md) who
uses [mapacho](https://incaglossary.com/m/mapacho.md) (a type of tobacco) to
heal. [AYV]

## [Tabu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tabu.md)

(n) A
fine fragrance made by the House of Dana. [PGO]

## [Tahuantinsuyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tahuantinsuyu.md)

*See*,
 [Tawantinsuyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md).

## [tahuari](https://incaglossary.com/t/tahuari.md)

(n) *Bignoniaceae*.
The bark of this wide ranging tree is used in the treatment of urinary,
hepatic and respiratory disorders, fevers, infections, gastric ulcers,
gastritis, eczema and rheumatism. More recently, it has gained
popularity around the world in treating different types of cancer,
probably due to its moderate antineoplasic activity. [AMC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tahuari.jpg — Tahuari leaves, flowers and bark.

## [take](https://incaglossary.com/t/take.md)

*See*, [taqe](https://incaglossary.com/t/taqe.md).

## [taki](https://incaglossary.com/t/taki.md)

(n) Singing. [RS]Song.
 [QP]

## [taki onkoy](https://incaglossary.com/t/takionkoy.md)

(n) (1) In [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) history the *Taki Onqoy*
refers to the national Inca movement of the 1700's that nearly
overthrew the Spanish. [RS]The name
given to the Inka resurgence in the 18th century under Tupac Amaru II. [ANON1] The
literal translation of *taki unquy* from Quechua is "sickness of
the chant" or "dancing sickness." The name comes from the Andeans
contemporary to the Conquest, who believed that the [huacas](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md) were annoyed by the expansion of
Christianity. The huacas, Andean spirits, began taking possession of
the aborigines, making them dance to music and announce divine will to
restore the pre-Hispanic culture, mythology and politics. At the outset
the movement was called "The revolt of the Wak'as." [WIKI][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oC8G19KeFyo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oC8G19KeFyo) [*Compare*,
the North American native [ghost dance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Dance)
movement.] (2)
A return to the [huacas](https://incaglossary.com/h/huaca.md). [JLH] (3)
Certain frequencies of sound have healing potential; certain sounds
will neutralize energetic blocks in the body and reorganize discordant
energy in alignment with the body's natural rhythms. Chanting, done in
unison, creates energetic synergy between the ceremony participants and
the ceremony leader which harmonizes the group energies with one
unified rate of vibration, allowing the group to exist in a temporary
state of unanimity. In this way the group may journey together
experientially, functioning on a similar plane of consciousness. [This
last entry was not used in the source material as a specific reference
to *taki onqoy*. I paired them up. -- Patt] [PSPM] (*See*,
 [onqoy](https://incaglossary.com/o/onqoy.md).)

## [takiy](https://incaglossary.com/t/takiy.md)

(v) To sing. [RS]

## [takuriy](https://incaglossary.com/t/takuriy.md)

(v) To disturb. [QP]

## [taksha yakuruna](https://incaglossary.com/t/takshayakuruna.md)

(n) Literally, *little [yakuruna](https://incaglossary.com/y/yakuruna.md)*,
he comes out to feed between midnight and dawn. If he is captured by a [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md)
he must then stay and live here on the earth plane and teach how to
hunt in the waters. [AYV]

## [tambo](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambo.md)

Languages: Span

, tampu: (n) From Quechua, *tampu*. Lodging, house,
temporary storage house. [RS]A
place from which one sets out; government posthouses built at intervals
of a day's journey along [Inca roads](https://incaglossary.com/n/nyan.md). [CSCR]
Traditionally, [apachetas](https://incaglossary.com/a/apacheta.md) were built at
tambos, which marked the spots where the [ch'askis](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chaski.md) would stop to rest while
on route via the [ceke](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md) system. As the
apachetas conveniently marked spaces containing an abundance of energy
flowing through them by way of the ceke system, tambos were a great
place for the chaskis to rest and recharge. [PSPM] An inn. [DYE]

## [tambor huasca](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambor-huasca.md)

(n) *Uncaria
tomentosa*, also known as *una de gato* and *cat's claw*.
It has a remarkable ability to cleanse the entire intestinal tract and
help patients suffering from many different stomach and bowel disorders
including Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, leaky bowel syndrome,
colitis, hemorrhoids, fistulas, gastritis, ulcers, parasites and
intestinal flora imbalance. It may also be beneficial in the treatment
of cancer, arthritis, bursitis, allergies, ulcers, systematic
candidiasis, diabetes, lupus, chronic fatigue syndrome, premenstrual
syndrome, irregularities of the female cycle, numerous bowel and
intestinal disorders and organic depression.

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tamborhuasca1.jpg
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tamborhuasca2.jpg — Flower of the tambor huasca and an axil of the vine showing the cat's claws.

## [Tambo Mach'ay, Tambomach'ay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambo-machay.md)

(n) Temple of the Waters. There are three ceremonial
water fountains at Tambomach'ay. The water found here is clean and
crystalline; its source is unknown and it is conducted through an
underground channel. Many people call this site *[Inca's](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) Bath* and say that these liturgical
fountains are eternal youth fountains or fertility fountains, thus
inducing visitors to drink the water (sp.). [WAC]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/droppedImage2.jpg

## [Tambo Toco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambotoco.md)

(n) *Place of windows*, the mountain in [Pacaritambo](https://incaglossary.com/p/pacaritambo.md) with three caves, the
central one was the one from which the Inca ancestors emerged. The [Temple of Three Windows](https://incaglossary.com/t/templeofthethreewindows.md) at [Machu Picchu](https://incaglossary.com/m/machupicchu.md) mirrors Tambo Toco. [MAN]
There were three caves: [Maras Toco](https://incaglossary.com/m/marastoco.md), [Sutic Toco](https://incaglossary.com/s/sutictoco.md), and [Capac Toco](https://incaglossary.com/c/capactoco.md). Out of the first two came the
lineages of the Maras and the Tambo, who failed to produce descendants.
From the last cave came the [Ayar](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayar.md) brothers,
the beloved children of the Sun. Since their mission was to populate
the world, [Inti](https://incaglossary.com/i/inti.md) gave each one of them a
wife. Thus, [Ayar Manco](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayarmanco.md) – the eldest –
had as a wife his own sister Mama Ocllo; [Ayar Auca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayarauca.md) had Mama Huaco; [Ayar Ukhu](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayarukhu.md) had
Mama Raura, and Ayar Cachi was paired with Mama Cora. [NFL] (*See*,
 [tambo](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambo.md).)

## [tampu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tampu.md)

See, [tambo](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambo.md).

## [tangarana](https://incaglossary.com/t/tangaranatree.md)

(n) (1) *Triplaris
surinamensis* or *Triplaris peruviana*. An Amazonian tree
often used in [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md) mixes. (2) A
dance of the Amazon that represents a couple of young people cutting
wood in the jungle when suddenly they are bitten by fierce tangarana ants, the [mama](https://incaglossary.com/m/mama.md) of the tree. [To see a video of this
dance, click [here](http://www.youtube.com/v/RwzYbeMqRKE&rel=1).]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tangarana.jpg — The tangarana tree, Triplaris surinamensis.

## [tangarana ant](https://incaglossary.com/t/tangaranaant.md)

(n) A
fierce ant, the [mama](https://incaglossary.com/m/mama.md) of the [tangarana](https://incaglossary.com/t/tangaranatree.md) tree and is a symbiote of
that tree. [AWW] The
tangarana tree's hollow stems teem with thousands of the black ants.
Each ant is more than an inch long. When something bumps against the
tree, the ants think it's an attack on their home and rush to defend
it. They will even jump off branches into your canoe to sting you if
they think their tree is threatened. [PDA] The tree
produces extra-floral nectaries [glands on leaves or stems that secrete
nectar] to feed them. In return, the ants aggressively defend their
host tree by clipping off any vine, bromeliad or other unwanted
visitor. If a person touches this tree, the small ants stealthily exit
through pores in the branches, cover the arm, and wait until a chemical
signal is released. When the signal is given, all the ants bite
simultaneously. Their bite penetrates the skin and formic acid is
sprayed into the wound, so that the pain escalates for hours afterward.
The natives refer to the ants as piranhas of the trees. Ingenious at
utilizing the Amazon's biodiversity, the natives have a use for the
tangarana as well. Adulterers are tied up to a tangarana tree until
they pass out with pain (this usually happens after about twenty
minutes of blood-curdling screaming). [DAJG]

## [tantakuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tantakuy.md)

(n) Meeting. (v) To meet, to come together. [PSL]

## [tapuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tapuna.md)

(n) A question. [QP]

## [tapiactam-ricuni](https://incaglossary.com/t/tapiactam-ricuni.md)

(v) To
see ghosts while awake. [DYE]

## [tapunakuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tapunakuy.md)

(v) To argue. [QP]

## [tapuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tapuy.md)

(v) To ask a question. [QP]

## [taqe, take, taq'e, taqiy, taqey](https://incaglossary.com/t/taqe.md)

(n) (1) The center of a wheel, where all
spokes meet. [ANON1] (2) Main
vortex point of the energy grid known as the [ceke](https://incaglossary.com/c/ceke.md)
system. [PSPM] A hub of
an energy system (the ceke system, for example) or [ayllu](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayllu.md). [ANON1] (3)
Certainty. [PSPM] Passion. [JLH]
[RS] (4)
The sharing of abilities and fine energies. A joining that creates and
synergizes energetic relationship. The third stage of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) concept of relationship. Consummation. [JLH]
[RS] Fusion.
 [TP] The
joining of forces or of energy bubbles, the confluence of and
cooperation between cosmic forces. [ANON1] (v) To
join forces, or join energy bubbles. To bring together in harmony. [QNO]
To accumulate, to join forces or join energy bubbles, to bring together
in harmony.
[RS]
(*See*,
 [tinquy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinquy.md)
and [tupay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupay.md).)

## [taqque atipi](https://incaglossary.com/t/taqque-atipi.md)

Languages: AYM

(adj) All powerful. [ASD]

## [taque wawa](https://incaglossary.com/t/taque-wawa.md)

*See*,
 *twins*, below.

## [taqui](https://incaglossary.com/t/taqui.md)

(n) Dance in honor of the sun. ;[HOI]

## [tarea](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarea.md)

Languages: Span

(n) Task, chore, care. [SEES] An
assignment given by the [huachuma](https://incaglossary.com/h/huachuma.md) to be
carried out in furtherance of the [mesa](https://incaglossary.com/m/mesa.md)
(def. 5).[GOL]

## [tarikuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarikuy.md)

(v) To find something lost. [QP] To find. [RS]

## [tarinakuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarinakuy.md)

(v) To be
among those who seek each other. [RS]

## [Taripaca](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripaca.md)

(n) One of the many names for [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md).
 [MAN]

## [taripachikuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripachikuy.md)

(v) To let find oneself

## [taripanakuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripanakuy.md)

(n)
Litigation; dispute. [RS]

## [taripaña](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripana.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Judgement Day. [ASD]

## [taripay](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripay.md)

(n)
Judgment. Justice. (v) To meet with; to come across; to catch up; to
condemn; to judge. To inquire; to investigate. [RS]

## [Taripay Pacha](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripaypacha.md)

(n) Literally, the *Age of Meeting Ourselves Again* in the Inca
prophecies when humanity will have the chance to consciously evolve in
an era of harmony. [KOAK]
In Andean Prophecy this word refers to a new golden era in the human
experience. It heralds a coming together again of the Andean people,
and the recreation of a new and better Inca Empire. [QNO]
A Quechua saying that means *time to find yourself*. This time is
now. [IGMP]
Alternately translated as *the age of re-encounter*, *encounter
of the universe*, or *encounter of oneself*; refers to a
prophesized golden age of human experience in which we encounter
ourselves once more as being one with the universe and thereby
re-create the dream of the [Inka Empire](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md)
in a new and better way (*See*, the words
which begin with *tari* above and below this term, which may
serve to “de-Catholicize” the concepts contained in *taripay pacha*
so the traditional meaning is clearer. -- Patt)

## [taripuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/taripuy.md)

(v) To
recover; to regain. [RS]

## [tariqay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tariqay.md)

(v) To
discover. [RS]

## [tariy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tariy.md)

(v) To
find; to meet with a person. [RS]

## [tarjo](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarjo.md)

Languages: Span

A [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md)'s ritual songs/chants
interspersed with whistling performed to the rhythmic beat of the
curandero's rattle [chungana]. He learns the traditional rhythms, but
as with the various [power objects](https://incaglossary.com/p/powerobject.md) (*see*, also, [artes](https://incaglossary.com/a/artes.md)) – positive *and* negative – he
elaborates on the basic complex with his own particular talents and
according to the inspiration he receives from a variety of
extrapersonal and supernatural sources. [WOFW] Power
song. [GOL] (*Compare*, [icaro](https://incaglossary.com/i/icaro.md).)

## [Tarpuntaes](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarpuntaes.md)

(n) A kinship group of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md) that held
certain ritual responsibilities. [AEAA]
An efficiently organized host of aides who not only occupied important
religious offices in the capital of Cusco, but were personally
appointed by the Willaq Umu to exert his power and authority in all
the populated centers [*see*, [Willaq Umu](https://incaglossary.com/w/willaqumu.md) for a list of these centers].
It was a competent and complicated organization to which it was
considered the greatest of human dignities to be elected as a member of
this institution. They were highly esteemed in the community and
commanded respect everywhere. People recognized them by their long well
groomed hair, their white cotton tunics and a black or brown cape
knotted over the right shoulder and adorned with tassels of colored
wool. Most of them led holy, celibate lives. During the official
festivities, they painted their faces black and preached the basic
truths of the religion of the [Sun god](https://incaglossary.com/i/inti.md).
Besides their very active role as judges and overseers of the religious
tax system and the organization of the official festivities, they were
also in charge of communications with the [Sun](https://incaglossary.com/i/inti.md),
the [Moon](https://incaglossary.com/k/killa.md) and the [Stars](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chaska.md). These divinities were
supposedly concerned with the general well being of the [Empire](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md) but had little or nothing to do
with the personal health of individuals, except perhaps important
personages. They performed the sacrifices (*see*, [qhapaq hucha](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaqhucha.md) and [raymi yahuar](https://incaglossary.com/r/raymiyahuar.md)) and [divinations](https://incaglossary.com/d/divination.md) related to war, political
deeds, climatological and agricultural events, and other occurrences of
economic importance. Their activities concerning medicine were limited
to matters of public health and general recommendations, with probably
an occasional act of diagnosing and giving a prognosis on the health of
a distinguished person. They were trained for the latter, since many of
them were originally elected from the holy men who, for many years, had
carried out active practice of magic medicine within the group of
independent [shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) who were professional
healers and prominent in their communities. Their political influence
was great. [DYE]*See*, [priesthood](https://incaglossary.com/p/priesthood.md).

## [tarpuntay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarpuntay.md)

(n) Literally, *one who plants*. A priest of the sun. [ICC]
A priest who performs sacrifices (*see*, [qhapaq hucha](https://incaglossary.com/q-prime/qhapaqhucha.md) and [raymi yahuar](https://incaglossary.com/r/raymiyahuar.md)). [ACA]
The name of the priest means *planter* and the sequence of
different rituals were of concern to all phases of agriculture from
before irrigation, through plowing, sowing and planting (tarpuy), till
harvest and storage of the crops.The [chroniclers](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m)
recognized them as priests of the sun. [RTZ1]*Compare*, *Tarpuntaes*
above.

## [tarpuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tarpuy.md)

(v) To plant. [QP]

## [tata](https://incaglossary.com/t/tata.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Master. [ASD]

## [tata kura](https://incaglossary.com/t/tata-kura.md)

*See*, [tayta kura](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytakura.md).

## [Tawantinsuyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md)

(n) The four regions of the Inca Empire. *Tawa* = four; *suyu*
= territory. (*See*,
 [Chinchisuyu](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chinchisuyu.md), [Kontisuyu](https://incaglossary.com/k/kontisuyu.md), [Antisuyu](https://incaglossary.com/a/antisuyu.md),
 [Kollasuyu](https://incaglossary.com/k/kollasuyu.md), [Appendix D](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/d) for more information and maps). Each
region suyu has its own [wiphala](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiphala.md) of
corresponding color: Antisuyu: green, Kontisuyu: yellow; Kollasuyu:
white; Chinchisuyu: red.

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/wiphalas.jpg
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint13.jpg

## [taya](https://incaglossary.com/t/taya.md)

(n) *Baccharis
scabra*. Women
apply this plant crushed as one of the best remedies to strengthen
sprains and contusions. [REPC]

## [tayca](https://incaglossary.com/t/tayca.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Birth mother, sister of mother. [ASD]
(*See*,
 [ipa](https://incaglossary.com/i/ipa.md).)

## [taycani puchani](https://incaglossary.com/t/taycani-puchani.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Mother and daughter. [ASD]

## [taycani yocani](https://incaglossary.com/t/taycani-yocani.md)

Languages: AYM

(n) Mother and son. [ASD]

## [Taypyquala](https://incaglossary.com/t/taypyquala.md)

(n) The
legendary name of the Sacred Rock on the [Island of the Sun](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/b) in [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md). It
was considered to be the house of the Sun, the Moon and the Stars. [IGMP] (*See*, [Appendix B](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/b), [titicala](https://incaglossary.com/t/titicala.md).)

## [taytacha, taytanchiy](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytacha.md)

(n) A supreme divine being, often seen as masculine, but
exists as the embodiment of sacred androgyny equivalent to the Christ.
In the Andes, the Lord of [Qoyllur Rit'i](https://incaglossary.com/q/qoyllur-rit-i.md) and *Taytacha Temblores* (*see* below) are
examples of Taytachas. [PSPM]

## [Taytacha Temblores](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytachatemblores.md)

(n) Literally, *Lord of the Earthquakes*. This refers to an icon
(statue) of the black Christ given to the city of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md) by Charles V of Spain. It was paraded
around Cusco during a terrible earthquake in 1650 and is considered by
the people to have the power to stop earthquakes. This is a powerful
guide for many [paq'os](https://incaglossary.com/p/paqo.md) (sp). [QNO]
(2) A celebration held on Easter Monday in Cusco that is a fusion of
Andean religions and Christianity. The Cusco Cathedral, where the image
is kept, is built on the foundations of the ancient temple dedicated to[Illa Ticci Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/i/illaticci.md). The image of the
Lord of Earthquakes is borne aloft in a procession through the streets
of the city just as the [Incas](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) used to
parade the mummies of their chieftains, high priests and supreme
rulers. (*See*,
 [Inti Raymi](https://incaglossary.com/i/intiraymi.md).) The
dominating part of the celebration involves the [ñucchu](https://incaglossary.com/n/nyucchu.md) flower (*salvia
splendens*) (sp). [SIP]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/taytacha.jpg — A crucifix during the Taytacha Temblores festival. Note the ñucchu flowers strewn upon it.

## [Tayta Inti](https://incaglossary.com/t/tayta-inti.md)

*See*,
 [Inti Tayta](https://incaglossary.com/i/intitayta.md).

## [tayta kura, tata kura](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytakura.md)

(n) Priest. [QP]Catholic
priest. [PSL]

## [Taytallá!](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytalla.md)

(interj) My God! [RS]

## [tayta mama, tata mama, taytamama, tata-mama](https://incaglossary.com/t/tayta-mama.md)

(n) Parents.[RS]
[PSL]

## [Taytanchis](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytanchis.md)

(n) The
father of us all, God the Father; the divine masculine principle. [ANON1]

## [Taytanchis Ranti](https://incaglossary.com/t/taytanchisranti.md)

(n) Equivalent to *God on Earth*. This term refers to the powers
and capacity of the seventh level initiate in the Andean system of
psychospiritual development. According to [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
prophecy, the seventh level priests will be capable of resurrecting
their own physical bodies after death. [QNO]

## [tembetá](https://incaglossary.com/t/tembeta.md)

(n) From
Guarani *tembe* (lip) and *ita* (stone). A metal rod or
other substance on the lower lip, used since the Neolithic as a means
of body modification and to signal sexual maturity. The implantation is
part of initiation ceremonies marking the entry of young people into
adulthood. Men of the culture had to wear a tembetá. They had a hole
and placed the tembetá with a stick. It was a very important amulet,
rather than an ornament, used for protection. Therefore it stood near
the mouth, the entry site of evil forces. Such cultures expressed a
profound contempt for the people who did not use them. [WIKI] The
piercing of the lower nasal septum in order to place an ornament. This
rite was not very widespread at the time of arrival of the Spanish, but
must have been quite frequent in early [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
and pre-Inca times, according to what we see in the ceramics. These [*see*, [orejones](https://incaglossary.com/o/orejones.md) and [scarification](https://incaglossary.com/s/scarification.md)] are the only ritual
surgical acts of which we have a clear notion. [DYE]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tembeta1.jpg — A hole made for the insertion of a tembetá in the upper lip of a man of Tiwanaku found at [Pariti](https://incaglossary.com/p/pariti.md).
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tembeta2.png — Tembetás of the Bato tribe of Chile.

## [Temple of the Sun](https://incaglossary.com/t/temple-of-the-sun.md)

*See*,
 [Qoricancha](https://incaglossary.com/q/qoricancha.md).

## [Temple of the Three Windows](https://incaglossary.com/t/templeofthethreewindows.md)

(n) At [Machu Picchu](https://incaglossary.com/m/machupicchu.md), a wall with
windows which mirrors the three caves at [Tambo Toco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tambotoco.md). [MAN]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/temple3windows.jpg — The Temple of the Three Windows.

## [therianthropy](https://incaglossary.com/t/therianthropy.md)

(n)
Refers to the metamorphosis of humans into other animals.
Therianthropes are said to change forms via [shapeshifting](https://incaglossary.com/s/shapeshifting.md). Therianthropes have
long existed in mythology, appearing in ancient cave drawings and
carvings. [WIKI]  [therianthropy.html](https://incaglossary.com/therianthropy)

## [third attention](https://incaglossary.com/t/thirdattention.md)

(n) (1) A term from [nagualismo](https://incaglossary.com/n/nagualismo.md)
defining the largest portion of our consciousness which is immeasurable
and which engages undefinable aspects of the awareness of the physical
body and the [luminous body](https://incaglossary.com/l/luminousbody.md). [TEG]
(2) The interface of the active first and second attentions, each
working harmoniously with the other, creates a state of consciousness
outside of time known as, *e.g.*, *flow* or *guyana yoga*.
This is the razor's edge – using the intellect to go beyond the
intellect. [PGO]
[DCGB] [TEG]
(*See*,
 [first attention](https://incaglossary.com/fg/firstattention.md), [second attention](https://incaglossary.com/s/secondattention.md).)

## [Third Sun](https://incaglossary.com/t/thirdsun.md)

(n) This age was inhabited by the [Purun Runa](https://incaglossary.com/p/purunruna.md). Civilization was increasing in complexity. The population of
the world increased, and people found it necessary to migrate from the
Andes into the lowlands. They lived in towns, each with its own king,
and there was conflict between towns and regions. How this era ended is
not specified in the [chronicles](https://incaglossary.com/c/chronicler.md).
[MAN] (*See*,
 [pachacuti](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacuti.md).)

## [Three Inca Laws](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeincalaws.md)

(n)
Today, the common statement of the Inca Laws is ama llulla, ama qilla, ama suwa. (Don't
lie, don't be lazy, don't steal.) Ancestrally, however, they are (1) [tukuy munayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuymunayniyoc.md), (2) [tukuy llank'ayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyllankayniyoc.md), and (3) [tukuy yachayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyyachayniyoc.md). True Inca laws
are positive, not negative. Human laws are created from fear by the
mind. The ancestral Inca Laws come from the Divine Love of the Cosmos. [IGMP]

## [three worlds](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeworlds.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
Called in Spanish *los tres mundos*, these are the realms of
consciousness entered into and interacted with by the [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md): the [hanaqpacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha.md),
the [kaypacha](https://incaglossary.com/k/kaypacha.md), and the [ukhupacha](https://incaglossary.com/u/ukhupacha.md). [PGO]

## [thunder ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/t/thunder-ayahuasca.md)

*See*
, [ayahuasca trueno](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuascatrueno.md).

## [tibemama](https://incaglossary.com/t/tibemama.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) *Pandion haliaetus*. The osprey, a bird used in the
science of the [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md). [AYV]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/droppedImage-152.jpg

## [tibe negro](https://incaglossary.com/t/tibe-negro.md)

(n) Any of several species of black birds used by [marupa](https://incaglossary.com/m/marupa.md) [sorcerers](https://incaglossary.com/s/sorcerer.md)
as a [mariri](https://incaglossary.com/m/mariri.md) (sp). [AYV]
(*See*,
 [sarara](https://incaglossary.com/s/sarara.md), [suisui](https://incaglossary.com/s/suisui.md).)

## [Tiki](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiki.md)

*See*, [Kontiki](https://incaglossary.com/k/kontiki.md).

## [ticti](https://incaglossary.com/t/ticti.md)

(n) The
common wart. [DYE]

## [tihue](https://incaglossary.com/t/tihue.md)

Languages: Mapuche

,
Peruvian nutmeg, laurel de chile, Chilean sassafras: (n) *Laurelia
sempervirens*. Warm baths of this plant are believed to strengthen
the nerves and, because, of this virtue, the plant is used in treating
convulsions, paralysis and rheumatic spasms. When drunk at each meal
time, an infusion of the leaves is said to calm rheumatic pains. [REPC] The leaves
of *Laurelia sempervirens* were used by Mapuche Amerindians for
treating headache and as diuretic. [WIKI]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tihue.jpg — Tihue.

## [tinguna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinguna.md)

(n) (1) Electromagnetic emanations which may adopt any form -- such as
plants, animals, or spirit helpers -- and which [vegetalistas](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md) control with their songs.
They are particularly useful as an active defense from supernatural
attack. (*See*,
 [hark'ana](https://incaglossary.com/h/harkana.md).) (2) The song
that brings forth the electromagnetic emanations. The word probably
comes from [tinquy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinquy.md). [AYV]

## [tinkapu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinkapu.md)

(n) An
offering of alcohol. [ACES]

## [tink'a](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinka.md)

(n) A flick of drops of a beverage as a libation and toast to deities. [ROR]

## [Tinku](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinku.md)

(n) Every year, at the beginning of May, the country folk from the
north of Potosi meet for the Tinku. The purpose of these festivities is
to honor [Pachamana](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md). The most famous
Tinku happens in Macha, where some 3000 villagers meet. For two to
three days, they dance, sing, drink in excess and fight. First, each
community, accompanied by [charangos](https://incaglossary.com/ch/charango.md)
and zampoñas, meets in the streets.
Women stand in the middle of a circle and as they start the [huayños](https://incaglossary.com/h/huayno.md) (very high traditional songs), the
men turn in a circle around the women stamping the ground rhythmically
with their feet. On the second day, fighting takes the place of the
dancing. In these fights, two men fight surrounded by a circle of
spectators. These often very violent fights can be judged in different
ways. From a traditional point of view, Tinku is a ceremonial rite
which unites more than separates. They fight to live, not to the death.
From the physical confrontation of two persons arises life, which
represents fertility and reproduction. The blood of the fighter is seen
as a sacrifice to Pachamama to fertilize, obtain favors and the promise
of good future crops. From a pragmatic point of view, Tinku is a space
for social regulation, as it allows communities to solve disputes
(personal rivalries or quarrels about land). [WBT]
The ritual was once widespread throughout the Andean world, predating
the arrival of the conquistadors. Anthropologists say it now tenuously
exists just in this isolated pocket of Bolivia. [IHT]
(*See*,
 [tinquy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinquy.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/Tinku.jpg — Bolivian women settle their differences at the annual Tinku festival.

## [tinku](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinku-2.md)

(n) (1)
The juncture of two rivers.[PSPM] (2) A way
of uniting opposite sides. [*See*, text box
below.] [MOC] The
dialectical and generative power of creation. [GOL]*See*, also, [curandero mesa](https://incaglossary.com/c/curanderomesa.md), esp. [campo medio](https://incaglossary.com/c/campomedio.md), and [coincidentia oppositorum](https://incaglossary.com/c/coincidentiaoppositorum.md).

---

**Tinku
emphasizes the importance of contrasting pairs, and in the Andes almost
everything is understood in juxtaposition to its opposite. Like life
and death, each term explains the other; moreover, each leads to the
other. It is a way of uniting opposite sides in a dialectic that
clearly defines and recognizes the other as well as establishes their
independence.** [MOC]

---

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tinkuriver.jpg — The Rangit River (left) meets the Teesta River (right) in West Bengal, India. The photo clearly shows the disparate nature of the two streams, a tinku.

## [tinquy, tinku, tinkuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinquy.md)

(n) (1) To meet up with; the first encounter
energetically. The first stage of the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
concept of relationship. Finding oneself in a particular place, ready
for a potential hostile encounter. (2) A confluence of streams. [ROR]
[KOAK] [AVO] [QP] [AYV]
(*See*,
 [Tinku](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinku.md), [take](https://incaglossary.com/t/take.md)
and [tupay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupay.md).)

## [tinya](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinya.md)

(n) A small drum, (Span., *caja*). [ROR]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint42.jpg

## [tiqsi](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsi.md)

,teqsi,
ticci, tixsi: (n) Fundament; base; origin; foundation. (2) Dirt; dregs;
sediment. [RS]

## [Tiqsi Muyu, Teqse Muyu, Texemuyo, Tixsi Muyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsi-muyu.md)

(n) Energy of the universe, the web
of all creation. Earth, universe, space, time. [QP]Planet
earth; world. [RS]
A highly animated Cosmos; the living universe of creative light and
love. [PSPM] *Seed
ring or circle of origin; the conscious universe or
animated, divine cosmos; the universe, seen as a conscious force or
being.* [ANON1] (*See*, [Kontiki](https://incaglossary.com/k/kontiki.md).)

## [Tiqsi Muyu Amaru](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsi-muyu-amaru.md)

(n) Tiqsi
= source, origin, root or seed; muyu = round or spherical; amaru =
great serpent. Like the archetypal symbol of the snake eating its own
tail [ouroboros], Tiqsi Muyu Amaru is an enlightening vision of the
universe, an understanding of the living universe that is both circular
and self-creating. It even exists in spiral form. It embodies the
autonomous seed that continuously gives birth to our living universe. [PSPM] The
universe serpent, or literally *the serpent-seeded circle*;
divine principle of the universe as a conscious, mythic serpent circle
or spiral (like the common symbol of the snake eating its own tail);
the principle of autonomous self-creation and self-regeneration
(self-seeding) that created and *is continually creating* the
universe at every moment. [ANON1]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/ouroborus.jpg — Ouroboros

## [tiqsina, teqsina](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsina.md)

(n) *That
which is seeded or that which one founds; can be used to
refer to Creation in general or to something specific for which one has
laid the seed; for example, teqsina apacheta would be a seeded
apacheta, or one for which the seed had been planted.* [ANON1]

## [tiqsiy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiqsiy.md)

, teqsey,
t'eqsey: (v) To found or to seed. (n) The archetypal principle of the
seeding of the universe and of individual and collective spiritual
growth. [ANON1] (*Compare*, [muhu](https://incaglossary.com/m/muhu.md).)

## [tirakuna, tiyakuykuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tirakuna.md)

(n)
From Spanish *tierra* (earth) plus the pluralising suffix *-kuna*.
The *watchers* of the spirit world who inhabit rock outcroppings,
ancestral temple sites, burial grounds, deserts, and forests, entering
into the [kaypacha](https://incaglossary.com/k/kaypacha.md) via subterranean
chambers. They keep watch as a reminder that performing ritual
offerings is necessary to foster healing and balance. If we do not
maintain this balance, the tirakuna will take energy from us and give
it to [Pachamama](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachamama.md) to maintain balance.
If a [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) neglects the practice of
ritual, the tirakuna will give an inner nudging to do so, making sure
human communities are ceremonially giving back. Tirakuna feed on
energies associated with the animal kingdom; thus, despachos given to the tirakuna typically
include [untu](https://incaglossary.com/u/untu.md), which is essentially stored
energy, replete with [kawsay](https://incaglossary.com/k/kawsay.md). The most
notable feature of the tirakuna are their eyes. Psychiatrists have
frequently noted that many paranoid schizophrenic individuals are
fascinated with, or troubled by, eyes; [curanderos](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md)
may interpret this as a misunderstanding of their relationship with the
tirakuna. (sp) [PSPM]
Tiyakuykuna means, literally, *those who live with themselves*,
or *those who live by themselves*; also known as the tirakuna,
these beings are characterized as watchers or vigilant beings that
inhabit burial grounds, temples, rock outcroppings and other natural
settings and enter into the kaypacha via subterranean passageways; they
draw food from animal kawsay (life force), and are thus fed through
animal-based offerings in despachos. [ANON1]

## [titi](https://incaglossary.com/t/titi.md)

(n) Mother/sister [jaguar](https://incaglossary.com/j/jaguar.md).

## [Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/t/titicaca.md)

(n) Lake Titicaca should actually have been called Lake Titicala ([Puma](https://incaglossary.com/p/puma.md) rock), but a transliteration error to
Spanish resulted in the last part of the name being as it is. [OWJ]
It means *gray puma* in [Aymara](https://incaglossary.com/a/aymara.md). One
of the legends of the lake is that a couple were sailing in a reed boat
and came upon many dead gray pumas floating on the water, so the couple
named the lake after the pumas. Another legend says that the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) brought pumas to the island to guard the
sacred rock, [Taypyquala](https://incaglossary.com/t/taypyquala.md). The pumas
liked the rock so much they would sit on it all day. Soon, the people
began to call it titiquala (gray puma). The Island of the Sun, where
the rock was located, was called Titiquala Island, and soon the lake
took on the name. [IGMP] The
meaning of the name *Titicaca* is uncertain, but it has been
variously translated as *Rock of the Puma* or *Crag of Lead*.
 [WBC]
(*See*,
 [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md), [Appendix B](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/b), [qaqa](https://incaglossary.com/q/qaqa.md)).

## [Titicaca water frog](https://incaglossary.com/t/titicacawaterfrog.md)

(n) *Telmatobius
culeus*, literally, *aquatic scrotum*. The Titicaca water frog
only inhabits [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md), which
is the highest lake in the world, lying 12,500 feet above sea level. In
this extreme environment, only the most well-adapted of species are
able to survive the freezing temperatures, high levels of UV radiation
and extremely low levels of oxygen. To combat this oxygen deficiency,
the frog has taken to living a permanently aquatic life, gathering what
little oxygen is in the water through its excessive amounts of saggy,
drooping skin. These are big frogs reaching lengths of up to 50
centimeters (20 inches) in length with individuals weighing up to a
kilo (2.2 lbs.). This amazing species is facing extinction due to
over-collecting for human consumption, pollution, diseases, and
predation of tadpoles due to introduced trout. [TCF] These are
some of the largest exclusively aquatic frogs in the world. [WIKI] The key to
their success is staying below the lake's surface. The sluggish,
bottom-dwelling frogs manage this feat, despite the fact that they have
very small lungs, because they evolved to absorb oxygen directly from
the water through their semipermeable skin, which acts like gills.
Being larger than a salad plate enhances this adaptation because it
gives a frog a greater surface-area-to-body-volume ratio, creating even
more efficient oxygen uptake. What's more, the ratio is maintained
throughout a frog's life span, allowing it to survive as respiration
demands increase. For years, Titicaca frogs have been revered as
animals with special powers. Used as rainmakers during times of
drought, a large frog would be carried in a ceramic pot to a hilltop
where the gods would hear the frog's distressed cries and misinterpret
them as calls for rain. Eventually the rain would fall and overflow the
pot, allowing the sacred frog to escape back to the lake. [NWFO] [http://www.youtube.com/embed/j06d2CjolcI](http://www.youtube.com/embed/j06d2CjolcI)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/scrotumfrog.jpg — The Titicaca water frog.

## [Titicala, Titikala](https://incaglossary.com/t/titicala.md)

(n) Located on the Island of the Sun, a significant ritual
center of the [Tiwanako](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiwanako.md) culture was
adjacent to the Titicala. [TAI]
A large stone that nature roughly shaped like a wildcat. In Quechua, it
was known as Titikala, the *place of the puma*. The lake was
given the same name. [WP]
(*See*,
 [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md).)

## [Tiwanako, Tiahuanaco, Tiwanaku](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiwanako.md)

(n) An ancient cultural center of the [Aymara](https://incaglossary.com/a/aymara.md) people. It is believed the two
pyramids were used for lunar (Puma) and solar ([Akapana](https://incaglossary.com/a/akapanatemple.md)) ceremonies. The male and
female energies were used in a balanced flow. The Puma Pyramid was
placed near the edge of [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md).
The Tiwanako ruins reveal a dock and quay facility, as evidence of
Tiwanako once being a port city. In present times it is 10 miles from
Lake Titicaca, which has dropped 100 feet in depth since Tiwanako was a
powerful city. (*See*,
 [Wiracochas](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracochas.md) and [Appendix N](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/n#tiwanaku).) [UNK]
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPm13nzHW04](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPm13nzHW04)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint52.jpg
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tiwanako.jpg — Artist's sketch of Tiwanako as it might have looked, showing [Akapana Temples](https://incaglossary.com/a/akapanatemple.md).

## [tiyakuykuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiyakuykunasee.md)

*See*, *tirakuna*, above.

## [tobacco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tobacco.md)

The constant use of tobacco has a [[shamanic](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md)]
function, the smoke of the plant being a strong defense. [MSIN] Other
types of tobacco [than *Nicotiana tabacum*, common tobacco] were
known to the ancient Peruvians. Supay-ccarca (*Nicotiana glauca*,
a.k.a. tree tobacco) and ccamasayri (*Nicotiana paniculata*). They
used all these kinds of tobacco both as medicinal plants and in the
preparation of stimulants and hallucinogenic brews. The ancient
Peruvians did not smoke tobacco. [DYE]*See*, [sayri](https://incaglossary.com/s/sayri.md), [tabaco](https://incaglossary.com/t/tabaco.md),
and [mapacho](https://incaglossary.com/m/mapacho.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tobacco.jpg — Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) © 1994 Gabi McLean
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tobacco2.jpg — Common tobacco or sayri. (Nicotiana tabacum)
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tobacco3.png — Nicotiana paniculata aka ccamasayri

## [tocapo, tocapu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tocapo.md)

*See*, *tukapu*, below.(n)

## [Tocapo Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/t/tocapo-wiracocha.md)

(n) The name of the youngest son of [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md).

## [toé](https://incaglossary.com/t/toe.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) (*Brugmansia Solanaceae*) A
member of the nightshade family, this plant is also known as *angels
trumpet* and tree [datura](https://incaglossary.com/d/datura.md). It is an
anticholinergic deliriant and is used by itself or as part of an [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md) brew. [AYV]Has
been used by the medicine men of the transandean jungle since time
immemorial. It produces a special type of catatonic state.. [DYE] (*See*,
 [Brugmansia suaveolens](https://incaglossary.com/b/brugmansiasuaveolens.md).)

[WARNING: all daturas are toxic.]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/droppedImage-172.jpg

## [toero](https://incaglossary.com/t/toero.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) A [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md) who uses
various species of *Brugmansia*. (*See*, [toé](https://incaglossary.com/t/toe.md).)

## [tonal](https://incaglossary.com/t/tonal.md)

Languages: Mex

(n) (1) Consensual or ordinary reality. (2) The tonal is the
counterpart of the [nagual](https://incaglossary.com/n/nagual.md). The tonal
is the social person and the organizer of the individual's world.
Perhaps the best way to describe its monumental work is to say that on
its shoulders rests the task of setting the chaos of the world in
order. [TOP] (3) One of
the two aspects of the [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md)'s
relationship between man and beast. (*See*, [nagual](https://incaglossary.com/n/nagual.md), def. 3.) Tonal describes the animal
familiar spirits associated with most individuals from shortly after
their birth. [IAWS]

## [tonal axis](https://incaglossary.com/t/tonal-axis.md)

Languages: Mex/Eng

(n) North-South on a [medicine wheel](https://incaglossary.com/m/medicinewheel.md). [AVO]

## [tonga](https://incaglossary.com/t/tonga.md)

(n) A
powerful narcotic drink prepared from the red angel's trumpet (*Datura
sanguinea*), a close cousin of [chamico](https://incaglossary.com/ch/chamico.md).
The Indians believe that by drinking the tonga they are brought into
communication with the spirits of their forefathers. [DYE]*See*, [puka campachu](https://incaglossary.com/p/pukacampachu.md). [Caveat:
all daturas are very toxic, even deadly, when abused.]

## [topa, tupa](https://incaglossary.com/t/topa.md)

(adj) Royal. [AEAA] (n)
Something noble; something worthy [RS]

## [Topa Cusihualpa Wascar Inca](https://incaglossary.com/t/topacusihualpawascarinca.md)

The full
name of [Wascar](https://incaglossary.com/w/wascar.md) (the 12th Inca). [GPA]

## [Topa Yupanqui, Topa Inca Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/t/topa-yupanqui.md)

Almost certainly another name for [Tupac Inca Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupacincayupanqui.md).

## [tornillo, el](https://incaglossary.com/t/tornillo.md)

Languages: Span

*See*, [huairacaspi](https://incaglossary.com/h/huairacaspi.md)..

## [toro-vilca](https://incaglossary.com/t/toro-vilca.md)

(n) A black bull with twelve horns thought to be responsible for
erosion of river banks. [AYV]
[RS]

## [torus](https://incaglossary.com/t/torus.md)

Languages: Latin

(1) (geom) A geometric solid, the surface of which is in the
shape of a donut. (2) A representation of the [Adam Kadmon](https://incaglossary.com/a/adamkadmon.md), a graphic concept that the
human body (spine, energy field, [torus knot](https://incaglossary.com/t/torusknot.md)
at waist) mirrors the planetary body (equator, revolutionary axis and
electromagnetic field). [WMOP] (3) A stone of this
shape used to travel to the [Hanaqpacha](https://incaglossary.com/h/hanaqpacha.md)
(through the hole). [AVO]
(*See*,
 [apacheta](https://incaglossary.com/a/apacheta.md), [nierika](https://incaglossary.com/n/nierika.md).)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/torus2.jpg — The Adam Kadmon is the first figure to the left. A torus (bagel shape in upper center) is seen at Adam Kadmon's waist and the spiral energy flow shows the torus knot. At the far right, the figure depicts the axis mundi (spine) and the energy flow of the torus knot (see def. below). The earth plane is at the level of the waist and represents the [kaypacha](https://incaglossary.com/k/kaypacha.md).

## [torus knot](https://incaglossary.com/t/torusknot.md)

(n) It can be made on a [torus tube](https://incaglossary.com/t/torustube.md),
which looks like a donut or a sphere that turns in from one side and
comes out the other in a perpetual motion. Also known as a Gordian knot.
[WMOP]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/gordianknot.jpg

## [torus tube](https://incaglossary.com/t/torustube.md)

(n) The [torus](https://incaglossary.com/t/torus.md) tube contains many
mathematical formulas and equations. Science began using this model as
a geometric/mathematical model of the universe. [Think inner tube to
visualize. The emphasis is on the empty space inside (tube) vs. the
solid outer shell (torus).]

## [totora](https://incaglossary.com/t/totora.md)

(n) The
reeds that grow at [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md)
with which the Uros people construct their islands, huts and boats. The
reeds swell in the rain, thus keeping the huts water-tight. Making for
excellent insulation, the reeds are even used as mattresses. The Uros
even eat the roots of the plant. [IGMP] (*See*, [Uros](https://incaglossary.com/u/uros.md) for picture.)

## [trabajado](https://incaglossary.com/t/trabajaco.md)

Languages: Span

(adj) Literally, *worked*. Referring to something that was
magically worked by a [brujo](https://incaglossary.com/b/brujo.md) to effect the [daño](https://incaglossary.com/d/dano.md). [GOL]

## [trabajo](https://incaglossary.com/t/trabajo.md)

Languages: Span

(n) From *trabajar*, to work. [SEES] A job,
work; an act of sorcery.  [GOL]

## [tracking](https://incaglossary.com/t/tracking.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
Just like the hunter following an animal's trail, a shaman must learn
to track, not only in space/time, but in the higher dimensional realms,
including past, present and future, and the [three worlds](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeworlds.md). Because all terminals
stay connected by luminous fibers (cekes),
and each fiber has its own individual vibration or note, once the
shaman has calibrated her senses to this vibration, she can follow the
thread to its end. Her prey may be a traumatic past incident, a lost
soul part or a belief, a future probability, or even a person. As in
following an animal, the shaman must have a starting point in order to
calibrate. It then becomes a matter of focusing on her prey. This
calibration is done according to the shaman's internal senses. Some
will see a color, some a sound or odor, some a sensation in a
particular part of her body, or any other ways that she receives
intuitive information. [PGO]

## [tragocero](https://incaglossary.com/t/tragocero.md)

Languages: Span

A [vegetalista](https://incaglossary.com/v/vegetalista.md) who uses canaza, a strong
alcoholic beverage distilled from sugar cane. [MSIN]

## [transistoriality](https://incaglossary.com/t/transistoriality.md)

A word
made up by Eduardo Calderón. The [curandero](https://incaglossary.com/c/curandero.md)
is like a small receiver and transmitter which catches and emits.
Therefore, when an individual is in a dream state or asleep, the
subconscious opens for him. Then it begins to emit its waves. Then the
making or procreation of the principal of transistoriality occurs. In
other words, the individual upon going to sleep, upon entering a dream
state, emits waves. And he also receives. This is the moment in which
the [shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) realize their opening also,
and their spiritual transmission through the cosmos to other beings who
are attuned to this work. [WOFW]*Compare*, [dreamtime](https://incaglossary.com/d/dreamtime.md).

## [transubstantiation](https://incaglossary.com/t/transubstantiation.md)

Languages: Eng

(n) The changing of one substance into another, *i.e*.,
the Christian Eucharist in which the wafer and wine are changed into the
body and blood of Christ. Many transubstantiation myths exist in the
Amazon regarding the [entheogenic](https://incaglossary.com/e/entheogenic.md)
plants that make up the [ayahuasca](https://incaglossary.com/a/ayahuasca.md)
brew, as well as food plants, being transubstantiations of human
beings. [AYV]

## [trato](https://incaglossary.com/t/trato.md)

(n) (Span.) Covenant. [PSL]

## [tratochay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tratochay.md)

(v) To make a covenant (sp.). [PSL]

## [trawu](https://incaglossary.com/t/trawu.md)

(n) Alcohol, liquor. [QP]

## [trepanation](https://incaglossary.com/t/trepanation.md)

Languages: Eng

After a very prolonged and painstaking but fruitless search of all the
literary sources of the XVI and XVII centuries, we can be quite certain
that the Spaniards never witnessed any surgical act performed by Indian
healers which had any relationship to skull or brain surgery. [However,
there is evidence pre-Inca.] In the Formative Period, a center of
trepanation appears in the Northern Highlands, harbored by the Recuay
culture, and another surged around the [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md) area, probably in relation with the [Tiwanaku](https://incaglossary.com/t/tiwanako.md) civilization. It is from here
that it spread to the Central Highlands, and centers appear in
Tarmatambo, Tarma, Chulec and down towards the coast, in Yauyos,
Huarochiri, Matucana, Santa Eulalia, Chaclayo, Pachacamac, Cañete, etc.
All these later sites, with more or less defined cultures in different
levels of development, render archaeological remains which were
contemporary with the early [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) culture,
at a time when the creators of the [Tawantinsuyu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tawantinsuyu.md)
were organizing themselves around the picturesque valley of [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md). There, in those early times, many
trephined skulls have been found in Yucay, Ollantaytambo, Pisac, Calca,
Huarocondo and other small subsidiary communities. There are no
authenticated specimens belonging to the late Inca period, and we have
never seen any proof that the Mochicas, the Chimus or the Chancays ever
trepanned. [DYE]

## [trial marriage](https://incaglossary.com/t/trial-marriage.md)

*See*
, [watanakuy](https://incaglossary.com/w/watanakuy.md).

## [trophy heads](https://incaglossary.com/t/trophy-heads.md)

(n) A common motif element in pre-[Incan](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) art
of South America, especially the [Chavin](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/n#chavin)
and [Tiwanako](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/n#tiwanako) cultures. The tunic in
the illustration below has a nonrectangular shape that conforms to the
outline of the design. The imagery features an anthropomorphic head
with fangs and elaborate facial markings. From its nose and crown hangs
a grimacing trophy head with flowing locks of real human hair [which is
hanging upside down]. [TAI] The
depiction of trophy heads is most prevalent in Nazca art. Whether or
not the heads were obtained during violent wars or ritualistic ones, it
seems clear that they were a significant part of the religion,
specifically in relation to fertility, and agricultural success. The
presence of a severed human head is undeniably intimidating and
powerful. While warriors may have used trophy heads to display their
ability and power, there is little doubt that the primary use was a
form of gifts to the gods. Trophy heads were incorporated into the
notion that gifts to the gods would result in more fertile land, more
food, and happier people. There could be no greater sacrifice than the
gift of a person, and the Nazca presented the sacrificed human in the
form of a trophy head. [SWCC] The taking
of heads for ritual use has a long history in the central Andes
beginning in the Pre-Ceramic Period (prior to 1800 B.C.) and continuing
through Inca times. Almost every major culture in the long sequence for
this area practiced this tradition, although each of these cultures had
its own unique ceremonies and different ritual context in conjunction
with head-taking. One of the most distinctive features of the Nazca
Culture is the frequent depiction of severed human heads in the ceramic
and textile art. Referred to in the literature as "trophy heads," these
objects can be displayed either as single elements, held in the hands
or attached to the belts of warriors or [shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md),
or associated with a wide range of "mythical creatures" who represent
spiritual forces in the society. (*See*, [weeping god](https://incaglossary.com/w/weepinggod.md) for another depiction. The
trophy heads are hanging from the elbows, a common motif.)

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/trophyhead.jpg — A Nazca trophy head.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/trophy1.jpg — Shaman with trophy head [SWCC]
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/trophy2.jpg — Trophy head pot (note sewn lips) [SWCC]

## [Tsugki](https://incaglossary.com/t/tsugki.md)

Languages: Shuar

The mythical first [shaman](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md) whose
home is at the bottom of whirlpools and rapids of great rivers and is
the ultimate source of shamanic power. [AYV]

## [ttaqquerijaquitha](https://incaglossary.com/t/ttaqquerijaquitha.md)

Languages: AYM

(v) To be close to the death. [ASD]

## [tucuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tucuna.md)

(n)
Conversion. [RS]
Transformation. Crucial in understanding relationships among animate
essences of inanimate substances and spiritual essences in interaction
with soul substances. [WCE]

## [tukapu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukapu.md)

, tocapo,
tocapu: (n) The
tukapu symbol system of Wari and [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
cultures belongs to the most impressive aspects of material culture of
prehispanic South America. Although progress has been done in the past
years, the meaning and function of the tukapu remain unclear. [TRIB1] The
iconography in the little illa stones. [JLH]

(*See*,
image at [illa](https://incaglossary.com/i/illa.md).) [Click [here](https://incaglossary.com/files/TukapuGlossary.xls) to download a partial glossary in
.xls format (Microsoft Excel.]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tukapu1.jpg — Examples of tukapu. The top left graphic is a tunic, with a slit for the wearer's head to go through and, top right, Guamán Poma's drawing of Wiracocha Inca wearing such a tunic. The bottom graphic is a weaving.
- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tukapu2.png — Examples of tukapu. The top left graphic is a tunic, with a slit for the wearer's head to go through and, top right, Guamán [Poma](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#poma)'s drawing of [Wiracocha Inca](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracochainca.md) wearing such a tunic. The bottom graphic is a weaving.

## [Tucapu](https://incaglossary.com/t/tucapu.md)

, Tocapo
Wiracocha: Tucapu Wiracocha was the younger son of Ticci [Wiracocha](https://incaglossary.com/w/wiracocha.md) who ordered him to do the same
as his brother [Imay Maman](https://incaglossary.com/i/imay-maman.md), but in the
plains and valleys of the coast. Without delving too deeply into
complex Quechua linguistics, Tucapu is *he who writes and records
the facts*.[DYE] [Could be
a breadcrumb into the quest to find a written Incan system of writing.
 *See*, *tukapu*
entry preceding this one. -- Patt]

---

**You
sit at a modern table and there are many things you could not enjoy
were it not for the unrelenting search carried out by Peruvian
agriculturalists at the of the dawn of the Andean civilizations. Corn,
potatoes, all kinds of beans, sweet potatoes, quinoa, manioc, squash,
hot peppers, tomato, avocados, peanuts, cashews, papayas, strawberries,
pineapple, vanilla, tobacco or the Coke**®
**you drink as a refreshment [** *see*,
 [Appendix G](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/g)].
**The credit for the development of the great quality of the best
varieties must go to the ancient Peruvian agriculturers who later
became personified as the mythological children of Wiracocha.** [DYE]

---

## [tukay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukay.md)

(v) To play music. [QP]

## [tukuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuy.md)

(adj)
Complete, fully developed. [NND] All,
every, each, any, total. [RS] (n) All;
everyone; everybody; everything. (v) (1) To be able to; to happen. (2)
To stop; to end; to complete. (3) To consume; to spend. [RS]

## [tukuy gustuwan](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuy-gustuwan.md)

(adv) With
pleasure (sp). [RS]

## [tukuy hampiq](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuy-hampiq.md)

, tukuy
hampeq: (n) A healer of the [fifth level](https://incaglossary.com/fg/fifthlevel.md),
a level not yet manifested; part of the Andean prophecies. [KOAK]One
having the fully developed or complete healing power; refers to the
fifth level of psycho-spiritual development and the healing abilities
of the [Inca Mallku](https://incaglossary.com/i/incamallku.md). [RS] A complete
healer, one who has reached the fifth level of psycho-spiritual
development and Andean initiation; refers to the healing abilities of
the [mallku](https://incaglossary.com/m/mallku.md). [ANON1]

## [tukuy llank'ayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyllankayniyoc.md)

(n) It is in this state of consciousness
that we manifest, or co-create, the abundance of love from the Cosmos
into this world of experience. Work is experienced as ultimate service
to the Divine. You express your power through your service to yourself,
your family and the community. [IGMP] The fully
developed power of the body, work/industry. [ANON1] (*See*, [Three Inca Laws](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeincalaws.md), [tukuy munayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuymunayniyoc.md), [tukuy yachayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyyachayniyoc.md), [llank'ay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llankay.md).)

## [tukuy munayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuymunayniyoc.md)

(n) We
are all one in the Divine Pacha's consciousness of love. An attitude of
acceptance and appreciation toward your fellow man, as well as the
Cosmos. Focus on the positive, and avoid holding on to anger and
resentment. [IGMP] Universal,
impersonal, unconditional love. [JLH] The fully
developed power of the heart, love. [ANON1] (*See*, [Three Inca Laws](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeincalaws.md), [tukuy llank'ayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyllankayniyoc.md), [tukuy yachayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyyachayniyoc.md), [munay](https://incaglossary.com/m/munay.md).)

## [tukuy sunquwan](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuy-sunquwan.md)

(adv)
Literally, *with all the heart*. Attentively. [RS]

## [tukuy yachayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyyachayniyoc.md)

(n) If
you refine your intuition to inner knowing with the love of [munay](https://incaglossary.com/m/munay.md) and the service of [llank'ay](https://incaglossary.com/ll/llankay.md), you will experience the
wisdom of yachay. This inner knowing from the [authentic self](https://incaglossary.com/a/authenticself.md) will take you to
higher levels of consciousness within yourself and all creation. There
is a sense of inner peace and joy regardless of what events are
occurring. [IGMP] The fully
developed power of the mind, wisdom. [ANON1] (*See*, [Three Inca Laws](https://incaglossary.com/t/threeincalaws.md), [tukuy llank'ayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuyllankayniyoc.md), [tukuy munayniyoc](https://incaglossary.com/t/tukuymunayniyoc.md), yachay.)

## [tumi](https://incaglossary.com/t/tumi.md)

(n) A ritual knife of very ancient pre-[Incan](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md)
design. Although the tumi is commonly called a knife, it is much more
analogous to an axe -- an axe with the  handle replaced by the
forearm of the user. [DYE] The tumi
has been the symbol of Peru, yet no decorated tumi has ever been found
or documented scientifically. All known tumi knives were looted by
grave robbers until archaeologists in 2006 unearthed 22 graves up to 33
feet below ground, more than 900 years old and belonging to the
pre-Incan Sican culture, which flourished on Peru's northern desert
coast from AD 750 to 1375. Ten tumi knives were found, including a
14-inch copper alloy tumi bearing the image of the Sican deity. [AP1]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint92.jpg

## [tunchis](https://incaglossary.com/t/tunchis.md)

Languages: Amaz

(n) Spirits of the deceased. [AYV]

## [tupac, tupaq](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupac.md)

(n) (1) A challenge. (2) The one who challenges. [NND] One who
challenges, the initiator of a ritual battle (*see*, *tupay*,
below.) Also can mean one who knows oneself or one who has met oneself;
evolved to become an important title for several [Sapas](https://incaglossary.com/s/sapainca.md) and countless nobles. [ANON1]

## [Tupac Amaru](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupacamaru.md)

The last claimant to the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) throne after
the Conquest.  He led a revolt against the Spanish and was
captured and beheaded, thus making him the leading contender to be the
basis of the legend of the [Inkarrí](https://incaglossary.com/i/inkarri.md). [MAN]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint102.jpg

## [Tupac Cusi Hualpa](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupac-cusi-hualpa.md)

*See*,
 [Topa Cusihualpa Wascar Inca](https://incaglossary.com/t/topacusihualpawascarinca.md).

## [Tupac Inca Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupacincayupanqui.md)

The name of the eleventh [Inca king](https://incaglossary.com/s/sapainca.md) and
son of [Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacutiinca.md). [MAN]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/paint112.jpg

## [Tupac Katari](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupac-katari.md)

The
leader of the [Aymara](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/n#qollas) in the same
rebellion against the colonial government in 1779-1780 in which [Tupac Amaru](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupacamaru.md) led the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md). [IGMP]

## [tupananchiscama](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupananchiscama.md)

(expression) *Until we meet again*. This meaning includes meeting
again on this level or on different levels of being. This is preferable
to *goodbye*, which indicates an ending. [IGMP] (*See*, [tupay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupay.md).)

## [tupaq](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupaq.md)

*See*, [tupac](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupac.md).

## [tupay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupay.md)

(v) (1) To meet up with. [QP]
(2) To grind or rasp. [SIMA] (3) To
disclose situations, thus changing them. [JLH] (n) (1)
Shamanic confrontation. [QNO]
 Ritual
battle. The spiritual sparring between two [shamans](https://incaglossary.com/s/shaman.md),
a shaman and a [witch](https://incaglossary.com/w/witch.md), or a shaman and an
evil spirit; in common usage means *to meet up with*. [ANON1] (2) The
second stage of the Inca concept of relationship. [QNO]
(3) Conflict. [QNO]
(*See*,
 [take](https://incaglossary.com/t/take.md) and [tinquy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tinquy.md).)

## [tupayauri](https://incaglossary.com/t/tupayauri.md)

(n) A
word combined from the [Quechua](https://incaglossary.com/q/quechua-quichua.md) word for *royal*
(topa) and the [Aymara](https://incaglossary.com/a/aymara.md) word for *copper*
(yauri). It was a wooden staff with a copper knife affixed to the top.
The staff carried by [Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md) when
he went off with his brothers and sisters in search of a site to found
his city. As they traveled he probed the ground with the staff, testing
for arable land. At the [cusco cara urumi](https://incaglossary.com/c/cuscocaraurumi.md) he hurled the staff into the marshy ground and it
disappeared. There he founded the capital city of the future [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/i/inca.md) Empire -- [Cusco](https://incaglossary.com/c/cusco.md).
By this action, Manco Capac performed the godlike task of establishing
the depth of waters, the irreducible task of any god who would claim
the legitimate right to rule a new age. He did so by probing at the
interface between this world and the world below, at a spring open all
the way down to the sweetwater ocean of the underworld abyss beneath
the celestial earth. In doing so, he replicated the foundation of the
world at [Lake Titicaca](https://incaglossary.com/l/laketiticaca.md). Manco Capac
established the [axis mundi](https://incaglossary.com/a/axismundi.md) of a new
age by driving the tupayauri into the earth. It is the talisman of Inca
invincibility. [Pachacuti Inca](https://incaglossary.com/p/pachacutiinca.md) was
knocked unconscious in a battle with the Chancas, their archenemies. A
voice from heaven asks him why he does not have the tupayauri. Rousing
himself, he takes the staff in hand and rallies his men to victory. [SIMA]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tupayauri.jpg — Guaman [Poma](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#poma) de Ayala's drawing of Manco Capac holding the tupayauri in his right hand.

## [tura](https://incaglossary.com/t/tura.md)

(n) Male friend of a woman. [QP]

## [tusuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tusuy.md)

(n) Dance. (v) To dance. [PSL]

## [tuta](https://incaglossary.com/t/tuta.md)

(n) Evening, night. [QP]

## [tuta mikhuy](https://incaglossary.com/t/tuta-mikhuy.md)

(n) Dinner. [QP]

## [tutallamanta](https://incaglossary.com/t/tutallamanta.md)

(n) Morning. [QP]

## [tutamanta mikhuna](https://incaglossary.com/t/tutamanta-mikhuna.md)

(n) Breakfast. [QP]

## [tutaraq](https://incaglossary.com/t/tutaraq.md)

(n) Early in the morning. [QP]

## [tutayay](https://incaglossary.com/t/tutayay.md)

(v) To get dark. [QP]

## [Tuti Cusi Yupanqui](https://incaglossary.com/t/tuti-cusi-yupanqui.md)

, Titu Cusi
Yupanqui:
(1529–1571)
A son of Manco Inca Yupanqui [[Manco Capac](https://incaglossary.com/m/manco-capac.md),
def. 2] who became the [Inca](https://incaglossary.com/s/sapainca.md) ruler of
Vilcabamba, the penultimate leader of the neo-Incan state. He was
crowned in 1558, after the death of his half brother, Sayri Tupac. He
ruled until his death in 1571, probably of pneumonia. During his rule
at Vilcabamba, the Peruvian Viceroy wanted to negotiate with him. The
negotiations were about Cusi leaving Vilcabamba and accepting a Crown
pension. After negotiations escalated, around 1568, Tuti Cusi was
baptized into the Catholic Church. [WIKI] [Father Diego](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#diego) was executed for failing to
cure Tuti Cusi, such was the link between religion and healing in the
Quechuan mind. [DYE]

## [tuyuyo](https://incaglossary.com/t/tuyuyo.md)

(n) *Jabiru
mycteria*, the wood stork or jabiru stork, makes its nest in the lupuna tree and is the visible [mama](https://incaglossary.com/m/mama.md), or guardian, of the tree. [AYV]

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/tuyoyo.jpg — The tuyuyo.

## [twins](https://incaglossary.com/t/twins.md)

Languages: Eng

(n)
In some regions, a twin birth was celebrated as a very fortunate event.
 [Garcilaso](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#garcilaso) says that
the happy mother was honored “with garlands of flowers and dances and
songs” because of her fertility. However, in most of ancient Peru such
an occurrence was considered as a very serious disgrace. It usually was
a bad omen for the whole community, and therefore both parents were
punished in different ways according to tribal custom. The most common
penalty was to remain imprisoned in their house, fasting and in the
same position, for five days. Then, they were changed to another
position in which they remained for the same period. Thereafter they
were supposed to abstain from sexual relations for one year. In order
to insure the immobility, Father [Arriaga](https://incaglossary.com/appendix/m#arriaga)
says “they would place  a lima bean behind the bent knee joint,
where the warmth and sweat would make it germinate.” After this period
of fasting and immobility, the relatives hunted a deer and made a cloak
with its hide, under which the father was paraded with a rope around
the neck and with no clothes on. Figurines showing a nude man with a
rope around his neck were placed in the graves of those men who had
sired twins. Usually these figurines show the man not only nude, but
with very prominent genitals, as if the artist wanted to call attention
to this part of the body, relating it to the cause for the punishment.
And some pieces are still more specific (see picture below), since they
show the rope ending in the head of a [jaguar](https://incaglossary.com/j/jaguar.md)
who is biting the penis of the chastised prisoner. After a while the
unfortunate father was forgiven  and the mother, “if she was poor,
she practiced the profession of midwife thereafter.” [DYE] They say
they are not dogs to bring forth children in that way. [Also] Twin
children born at the same lying-in cannot belong to the same father.
They call them *taque wawa*. [BRH]*See*, [pregnancy](https://incaglossary.com/p/pregnancy.md).

- Image: https://incaglossary.com/images/T_files/twins.jpg — Mochica ceramic showing a man being punished for a sexual crime. [DYE]

## Sources

- **ACA**: *Ancient Civilizations of the Andes*, Means
- **ACES**: *At the Crossroads of Earth and Sky*, Urton
- **AEAA**: *Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes*, Bauer and Dearborn
- **AMC**: amazonmedicine.com
- **ANON1**: anonymous donor 1. Click * for explanation.
- **AP1**: Associated Press, 11/22/06 “Peruvian archaeologists excavate tombs”
- **ASD**: *Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara*
- **AVO**: my notes from Alberto Villoldo, various writings and lectures
- **AWW**: *A Woman's World,* Bond
- **AYV**: *Ayahuasca Visions,* Luna
- **BRH**: *Boanerges*, Harris
- **CSCR**: *Cut Stones and Crossroads*, Wright
- **DAJG**: *Diary of an Amazon Jungle Guide*, Beaver.
- **DCGB**: Deepak Chopra in *God and Buddha: a Dialogue* (DVD)
- **DYE**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **GOL**: *The Gift of Life*, Glass-Coffin.
- **GPA**: *El primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno, *Poma de Ayala.
- **HOI**: *History of the Incas,* Sarmiento de Gamboa
- **IAWS**: *Mythology, Illustrated Anthology of World Myth & Storytelling*
- **ICC**: *Inca Civilization in Cuzco*, Zuidema
- **IGMP**: *Andean Awakening*, Delgado
- **IHT**: www.iht.com/slideshows/2007/02/12/america/web.0212bolivia_SLIDE.php
- **JLH**: Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures
- **KOAK**: *Keepers of the Ancient knowledge*, Wilcox
- **MAN**: *Mythology of the American Nations*, Jones and Molyneaux
- **MOC**: *Mountain of the Condor*, Bastien
- **MSIN**: conference paper *The Concept of Plants as Teachers among four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Perú*, Luna
- **NFL**: www.nflc.org/REACH/7ca/enCAInca.htm
- **NND**: www.netnaturdoktoren.dk/ordbog.htm
- **NWFO**: www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines
- **OWJ**: www.ourworldjourney.com/peru/
- **PDA**: *Encantado: Pink Dolphin of the Amazon*, Montgomery
- **PGO**: Patt Grantham O’Neill, personal definitions I write when I cannot find a good one elsewhere.
- **PSL**: www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm  Bolivian Quechua
- **PSPM**: *Pachakuti Mesa*, Magee
- **QNO**: www.quechuanetwork.org
- **QP**: *Quechua Phrasebook* , Coronel-Molina
- **REPC**: *Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, *Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]
- **ROR**: *Rituals of Respect*, Bolin
- **RS**: runasimi.de
- **RTZ1**: www.colorado.edu/Conferences/pilgrimage/papers/Zuidema.html
- **SEES**: Crowell's Spanish-English and English-Spanish Dictionary
- **SIMA**: *The Secret of the Incas: Myth, Astronomy, and the War Against Time, *Sullivan
- **SIP**: www.spanishinperu.com
- **SWCC**: studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~m_pike/welcome.htm
- **TAI**: *Tiwanaku: Ancestors of the Inca,* Young-Sánchez
- **TCF**: www.thefeaturedcreature.com/2013/05/
- **TEG**: *The Eagle’s Gift*, Castaneda
- **TOP**: *Tales of Power*, Castaneda
- **TP**: Theo Paredes (my class notes and personal correspondence)
- **TRIB1**: *A Key Checkerboard Pattern Tunic of the Linden Museum: First Steps in Breaking the Tocapu Code?* TRIBUS 2007, vol. 56 - Abstract
- **UNK**: The original author's marker for an unknown / unattributed source.
- **WAC**: www.agnostica.com.ar/incassaqs.htm
- **WBC**: www.britannica.com
- **WBT**: www.bolivia-travels.com/potosi-sucre-tarabuco/tinku.htm
- **WCE**: [World Culture Encyclopedia] www.everyculture.com/South-America/ Canelos-Quichua-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html
- **WIKI**: en.wikipedia.org (no www)
- **WMOP**: www.meru.org/posters/adamkadmon.html
- **WOFW**: Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.
- **WP**: www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63462-2004May28_2.html